Journal of Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials

Editorial Open Access

Nanodiamonds in Polymer Hybrid Composites

Ahmad Adlie Shamsuri

Nanodiamonds are nano-sized particles of diamond. They are gaining prominence in the field of material science due to their unique properties, such as high surface area, excellent thermal conductivity, and superior mechanical strength. When incorporated into polymer matrices, nanodiamonds contribute significantly to the enhancement of the composite’s overall performance.

Commentary Open Access

More Compelling Device Physics Based Insights over Subthreshold Slope (Swing) Saturation Near Cryogenic Temperatures for n-FET and p-FET

Nabil Shovon Ashraf

It has been observed through experimental computation that subthreshold slope (swing) (SS) for n-FET and p-FET operating at cryogenic temperatures, reaches a fluctuating saturation value violating the thermionic emission related Boltzmann limit that at T = 0 K, SS should pass through the origin when SS plotted on Y-axis and temperature T plotted in the X-axis. 

Commentary Open Access

Commentary on “Cosmic Baby and the Detection of a New Compact Star —the “Triaxial Star” : A Possibility”

Ramen Kumar Parui

The article represents a commentary for the recent publication on Cosmic Baby. The aim of this communication is to highlight three invaluable applications in searching the triaxial stars, such as (i) in the secondary component of the GW190814 event (ii) Neo-Natal triaxial star, iii) Gold nanostar inside the crust of neutron star. A similar of rod-like, cube-like, slab-like structure formation both in the earth-based laboratory, and in the space-based laboratory inside the neutron star crust offer a challenge to the astronomers

Review Article Open Access

A Review Study on the Sources of Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles from Different Organisms and Their Applications in Nanomedicine

Hafiza Farhat, Kainat Iqra, Shahid Ullah

Nowadays nanoparticles is gaining much attention across the world among the researchers. From last few decades, green nanotechnology also emerging as a significant approach in order to synthesize and fabricate the nanoparticles from different organisms. This green route stabilizing the agents from biological agent for the formation of nanoparticles. The present review article aims is to elaborate the ongoing emergence of nanoparticle formulation from different microbiota.

Research Article Open Access

Biosynthesis of Manganese Dioxide Nanoparticles and Optimization of Reaction Variables

Abelneh Terefe Mekuria

Biosynthesis is an efficient and environmentally friendly process used to synthesize nanoparticles. This study presents a simple, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective method for synthesizing manganese dioxide nanoparticles from aqueous manganese (II) acetate using lemon extract as a reducing agent. Turmeric extract (curcumin) was employed to stabilize the biosynthesized nanoparticles. UV-visible spectroscopy was used to evaluate the concentration of nanoparticles at 350 nm wavelength.

Research Article Open Access

Hybridized Luminescent Lanthanide Super Crystals Used as Spectral Convertors to Increase Photoconductivity in Opto-Electronic Devices

Alexis Bullock

Discovering new forms of energy has been essential for the innovation of more efficient technologies in the future and is a phenomenon in optical and scientific industries worldwide. A solar cell converts electromagnetic radiation or artificial light into energy due to the photovoltaic effect. Solar cell efficiency has increased over the years due to different device material and design. Lanthanide elements are the interest for solar cell research due to their absorption of lost photons by utilizing the photoelectric effect.

Commentary Open Access

Commentary on “Review on Nanocrystalline Silicon Thin Films for Heterojunction Solar Cells”

Mansi Sharma

The article presents a commentary for the recent publication on nanocrytalline silicon thin films for heterojunction solar (SHJ) cells. The aim of the communication is to highlight some of the important mechanism discussed in the report for improved structure and interface properties which results in better device fill factor and hence enhanced efficiency. Furthermore, the discussion has been extended to present some of the recent literatures which have followed the similar guidelines for material synthesis with improved optical gain in applications of SHJ solar cells.

Research Article Open Access

Assessment of Stability of Early Loaded Nano Coated Hydroxyapatite Implants in Posterior Maxilla

Ola Abdelsamad Amin, Ingy Mohamed Shehata, Heba M. Kamel, Nader Nabil Elbokle

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the stability after early loading of nano coated hydroxyapatite implants in posterior maxilla. Methodology: This study was conducted on nine patients with at least a missing one maxillary posterior tooth. Ten Nano-coated hydroxyapatite implants (ETIII NH implant by Hiossen) were inserted in nine patients, and then subjected to early loading according to the secondary stability readings taken by Osstell^®.

Research Article Open Access

The Effect of Nano-Encapsulated Orlistat on Prostate Cancer: An In vitro Study

Ferah Armutcu, Bahattin Adam

Background: The targeted inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FASN) by Orlistat, a potent FASN inhibitor, has been shown to block tumor proliferation and induce apoptosis in cultured tumor cells. Since Orlistat is insoluble, its solubility in blood circulation is limited. Cancer nanotherapeutics are rapidly progressing and are being implemented to solve several limitations of conventional drug delivery systems.

Short Communication Open Access

Luminescent MOFs Based on Thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole as a Chemosensor for the Detection of Environmental Contaminants

Akram Karbalaee Hosseini, Azadeh Tadjarodi

Luminescent metal-organic frameworks (LMOFs) are considered special candidates for the sensation and detection of particular analytes. Thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazoles (TTZs) are an ideal type of heterocycles for fluorophores with π-bridge moieties demonstrating structure-function characteristics. LMOFs with excellent sensing properties can be constructed by incorporating heterocyclic aromatic thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole into the framework. 

Research Article Open Access

Enhanced Structural and Morphological Properties of Doped Cobalt Zinc Ferrite

Asmaa Reda Abd El-Salam, K. E. Rady, Ezzat A. ELFadaly, Mobarak Hassan Aly

In this study, Mn²⁺ substituted Co0._8−x Mn_x Zn_0.2 (where x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) ferrites are prepared by a coprecipitation method to study the effect of Mn²⁺ⁱons on the structural and morphological properties. These ferrites are characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared. X-ray diffraction patterns of the prepared samples confirm partial substitution of Mn²⁺ ions that does not change the basic structure of Co_0.8 Zn_0.2 Fe₂O₄.

Research Article Open Access

Oxidation and TD-DFT of Toxic Acriflavine Hydrochloride Dye by Potassium Permanganate in Neutral Media: Kinetics and Removal of Dyes from Wastewater

Samia M. Ibrahim, Ahmed F. Al-Hossainy, Hazim M. Ali, Mohamed Abd El Aal, Nasser Farhan

Fabrication of dye thin films is accomplished through physical vapor deposition with a thickness of 150 ± 5 nm. Kinetically, the reduction of permanganate ion as a multi-equivalent oxidant by acriflavine hydrochloride (ACFH) in a neutral medium has been studied spectrophotometrically. In the presence of a pseudo-first-order reaction, the experimental results suggest fractional first-order kinetics in [ACFH] and a first-order dependency in [MnO₄^-]. 

Commentary Open Access

Immobilized Cell Bioreactor Industrialization in the Development of an Innovative Optical Biosensor Technology

Athanasios A. Koutinas, Theano Petsi, Athanasia Panitsa, Maria Kanellaki

This commentary shows the development of a new optical biosensor, based on cell immobilization of Pseudomonas Fluorescens HK44, in nano and micro-tubular cellulose (TC) and a mixture of carbohydrate nanotubes (CHNTs) and carbohydrate micro-tubes (CHMTs). Methodology follows, this biocatalyst can be industrialized with the use of a single tank immobilized cell bioreactor (ICB).

Review Article Open Access

Key Features in the Design and Function of Nanocarriers for Intranasal Administration of Gene Therapy in Huntington Disease

Oksana Fihurka, Stephen Aradi, Vasyl Sava, Juan Sanchez-Ramos

A major obstacle to fulfilling the therapeutic promise of gene therapies for hereditary brain diseases, such as Huntington’ Disease (HD), is the requirement for viral vectors and/or an invasive delivery system (stereotaxic injection into brain or infusion into the intrathecal space). HD is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease for which several clinical trials have demonstrated gene-lowering effects following intrathecal administration.

Research Article Open Access

Theoretical Investigations of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Jing Chen, Andreas L. Vishart, Stephan P. A. Sauer, Kurt V. Mikkelsen

This presentation considers theoretical investigations of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Theoretical methods were applied to investigate the interactions between titanium dioxide nanoparticles and sensitizers. The ONIOM model was used to obtain the geometries of different conformers of dye molecules with TiO₂ and their binding energies. TD-DFT calculations were carried out to obtain the absorption spectra and the relative orbital energy levels of sensitizers and TiO₂.

Commentary Open Access

Fire Risk Rating Assessment for Wood Specimens Coated with Flame Retardant

Eui Jin, Yeong-Jin Chung

Chung's equations-II, -III, and -IV were applied to evaluate the fire risk and fire risk ratings of flame retardants. As an example, a wood specimen coated with a flame retardant was selected and tested using a cone calorimeter according to the ISO 5660-1 standard. The external heat flux was fixed to 50 kW/m². Fire performance index-III used three variables to evaluate the initial fire risk:

Commentary Open Access

Promoting Carbon Dioxide Reduction via Operando Surface Reconstruction

Yanli Sun, Ke Chen, Mengyu Li, Bingyuan Zeng, TingTing Xia, Zumin Wang, Jian Qi, Kun Zhao

It is of great significance to study the dynamic reconstruction effect in variously heterogeneous catalytic reactions, such as electrocatalysis, thermal catalysis, including photocatalysis. So, the atomic or electronic structure change of the catalyst during the reaction processes should be deeply explored to understand the nature of the exact active sites [1-5].

Research Article Open Access

Natural and Forced Convection in Multi-Phasic Electrochemical Systems

Soufiane Abdelghani-Idrissi, M.BA. Freville, Annie Colin

Multi-phasic electrochemical systems such as electrolyzers or metal-air batteries are intimately linked to energy transition and are at the heart of new scientific advances and modern industrial development. The presence of gas phases, inherent to the processes, directly impacts the performance and stability of the systems.

Review Article Open Access

A Comprehensive Review of DNA Origami Stabilization Techniques

Lionel Yan

In recent years, DNA has emerged as a powerful tool in the field of nanotechnology. The DNA origami technique is largely responsible for this, revolutionizing nanofabrication due to its controllability, precision, and ability to leverage DNA’s unique properties. The technique consists of folding a long, single-stranded DNA (called a scaffold strand) by binding it with shorter staple strands to create almost any shape desired.

Review Article Open Access

The Methods of Analysis for Determination of Metformin and Glimepiride in Different Matrices

Lobna M. Abdel-Aziz, Ahmed S. Abdelkhalek, Alyaa Antar, Emad H. Abdelraziq, Emad A. Farghaly, Emad M. Elsayed, Emad Y. Metwally, Ammar Y. Khalil, Ammar T. Khalifa, Mahmoud M. Sebaiy

In this literature review, we will introduce pharmacology in addition to most of the up-to-date reported methods that have been developed for determination of important oral hypoglycemic drugs which are metformin and glimepiride in their pure forms, combined forms with other drugs, combined forms with degradation products, and in biological samples.

Research Article Open Access

Electrochemical Supercapacitors Based on Hydrous RuO₂/oxidized Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube Composites

Bo-Kyung Choi, Jae-Kyoung Ko, Byoung-Suhk Kim, Min-Kang Seo

Electrochemical properties of ruthenium oxide (RuO₂)/oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) (RuO₂/MWCNT) composite electrodes in supercapacitors were investigated. The electrodes were prepared by impregnating MWCNTs with different concentrations of RuCl_3•xH₂O solution, followed by chemical reduction and annealing at 150°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. 

Review Article Open Access

Biological and Non-Conventional Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs): Their Potential Applications

Bhabesh Deka, Chittaranjan Baruah, Azariah Babu, Pankaj Kalita

In nature, nanoparticles can be found as natural or synthetic. Nanoparticles may form either physically or chemically. Nanoparticles are uniform types of common material whose dimensions are less than 100 nm. Volcanic ash, ocean spray, fine sand, and dust are some examples of natural nanoparticles.

Commentary Open Access

A Short Commentary of Nanotechnology on Traditional Chinese Medicine

Siukan Law, Dawn Chingtung Au, Albert Wingnang Leung, Chuanshan Xu

Nanotechnology is the art of science manipulating matter at the nanoscale about 1 to 100 nanometers, 10-9 nm ranging from a sheet of paper (100,000 nanometers thick) to a human hair (around 80,000-100,000 nanometers).

Research Article Open Access

Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes Using Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) and Mg-TiO2 Nanoparticles

Sandesh Jaybhaye, Nikita Shinde, Shrutika Jaybhaye, Himanshu Narayan

Titanium dioxide (TiO2 ) based nano-sized photocatalysts (NPCs) were synthesized following a green method from the extract of Peepal (Ficus religiosa) leaves and titanium tetrachloride as precursors. Doping of TiO2 with Magnesium (Mg) was done using magnesium chloride through the method of chemical precipitation. Size of the NPC samples were estimated and characterized by CPS Disc Centrifuge, Diffracted Light Scattering (DLS) and Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscopy (FEG-SEM) techniques.

Commentary Open Access

How to Compare and Select Flame Retardants for Rigid Polyurethane Foam

Ya Xuan Thong, Xiaodong Li, Xi Jiang Yin

Polyurethane (PU) foam is synthesised via a polymerisation reaction of polyol and isocyanate, in the presence of various formulations of catalysts and surfactants. For this reason, depending on the composition, PU foam can be tailor-made into flexible foams, semi-rigid foams, and/or rigid foams, resulting in a wide range of products with unique properties.

Review Article Open Access

Microencapulsation: Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Nutraceuticals

Ekta Jagtiani, Sachin Adsare

Numerous studies have been advanced to establish a link between gut health and immunological function and to explain how probiotics, prebiotics, nutraceuticals affect the gut microbiota and immune function. A probiotic must possess favourable technical features, be able to live in the upper gastrointestinal system, and operate in the gut

Commentary Open Access

A Review on Nanotechnology: Applications in Food Industry, Future Opportunities, Challenges and Potential Risks

Monalisha Sahoo, Chirasmita Panigrahi, Siddharth Vishwakarma, Jayant Kumar

Nanotechnology is an evolving revolution with enormous promise in a variety of fields, including mechanics, medicine, and the food business. Nanoparticles owing to having greater surface area and enhanced rates of mass transfer seem to pose higher biological and chemical activities, penetrability, catalytic behaviour, enzymatic reactivity, and quantum

Commentary Open Access

Small Scale Propulsion: How Systematic Studies of Low Reynolds Number Physics Can Bring Micro/Nanomachines to New Horizons

Paul Wrede, Mariana Medina-Sánchez, Vladimir M. Fomin

Miniaturization can be considered as the main driving cause for the tremendous technological advances within the last decades. Besides smaller and faster mechanical and electrical devices, scientists engineered new machines at the micro- and nanometer scale also referred to as micro-/ nanomotors, -swimmers or -robots.

Commentary Open Access

A Comprehensive Commentary of “Smart Design of High-Performance Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates”

Xiangyu Meng, Lin Qiu, Xiaotian Wang, Lin Guo

Recently, our group published a review about surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in SmartMat, which summarized the recent developments of noble metal and semiconductor SERS substrates, and then proposed the key factors for substrate design and future directions.

Mini Review Open Access

Deformation of Nanoglass under High-pressure Torsion

Yue Dong, Hans-Jörg Fecht

Metallic glasses are amorphous solids with metallic atomic bonds. Different from traditional crystalline metals, they have no long-range atomic order. Only short-range order on the scale of 0.5–1 nm can be detected. Because of the lack of a lattice dislocation slip system, as in crystalline alloys, metallic glasses exhibit some outstanding properties,

Commentary Open Access

Nanotechnology for Water Purification – Current Trends and Challenges

M. P. Ajith, Paulraj Rajamani

Environmental pollution is a significant concern in both developing and developed countries. The pollution load in the environment accumulates as a result of anthropogenic activity. Both organic and inorganic contaminants are hazardous to living things, and their incidence and persistence have risen dramatically in current years.

Commentary Open Access

Colorful Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites Brighten up Silicon Solar Cells

Deying Luo, Lei-Ming Yu, Zheng-Hong Lu

Solar cells made of crystalline silicon (c-Si) have dominated the world’s solar energy market to date. Meanwhile, there is growing interest in adding new features or properties to c-Si solar cells such as vibrant colors that make them particularly attractive for decorative applications. Nevertheless, c-Si solar cells with regular p-n junctions present a

Mini Review Open Access

Using Intralipid to Improve Delivery of Anti-Cancer Nanodrugs: Effects on RES Clearance and Toxi city, EPR, and Immune Modulation

Li Liu, Chien Ho

Encapsulation of therapeutic molecules (e.g., small molecule inhibitors, mRNA, siRNA, aptamers, etc.) into nanomaterials can improve the solubility and blood circulation of the drugs, alter their biodistribution, decrease their toxicities, overcome drug resistance, and facilitate their entry into target cells. The development of anti-cancer nanodrugs has been the focus of intense study for decades. Several anti-cancer nanodrugs have been approved for clinical use all over the world.

Short Communication Open Access

Detection of Viruses and Development of New treatments: Insights into Antibody-Antigen Interactions and Multifunctional Lab-On-Particle for SARS CoV-2

Martin Amé, Esraa Samy Abu Serea, Ahmed Esmail Shalan, A. Guillermo Bracamonte

The Corona Virus disease is a severe respiratory problem generated via severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2). The latest strain of the disease was deadly enough to halt the global routines of human development. In this context, a number of research studies have been conducted to provide knowledge and to combat with this severe illness.

Research Article Open Access

Folic acid-chitosan Nanomaterials for delivery of dietary polyphenols

P. Chanphai, H. A. Tajmir-Riahi

Despite the health benefits associated with polyphenols, the bioavailability of many polyphenols limits their effects. Problems with poor solubility fast-metabolism and food preparation techniques limit the bioavailability and bioactivity of these dietary micronutrients. Encapsulation of polyphenols has shown to protect and increase bioavailability of these dietary compounds and to enhance their anticancer activity.

Mini Review Open Access

Nanotechnology in Water Treatment: An Optimistic Perspective for the Near Future

Bruna Maria Praun Pereira, Bianca Pizzorno Backx

Unequal access to drinking water and basic sanitation are old issues in Brazil and worldwide. Besides, this situation foments the proliferation of infectious parasitic diseases. Moreover, mainly in underdeveloped countries, it victimizes socioeconomically vulnerable people. The degree of water contamination analysis, usually by fecal matter, is made by the number of microorganisms present in the sample, including Escherichia coli or thermotolerant coliforms. In addition, several

Review Article Open Access

Functionalized Folic Acid with Chitosan and PAMAM Dendrimers for Delivery of DNA and RNA

P. Chanphai, T.J. Thomas, H. A. Tajmir-Riahi

The conjugation of polymers with multiple targeting ligands has become a popular approach for targeted gene and drug delivery. Functionalized polymer–drug conjugates are increasingly used to obtain biodegradable, targeted tools to further enhance localized gene and drug delivery systems. Folic acid (FA)-conjugated biodegradable polymers were tested as effective gene and drug delivery tools. Folate receptors are cellular markers highly expressed in various cancer cells and on

Research Article Open Access

Nanofibers Based on Concentrated Collagen Hydrolysate Loaded with Essential Oils

M. D. Berechet, C. Gaidau, A. Miletic, B. Pilic, D. Simion, M. Râpă, M. Stanca, R.Constantinescu

The manufacture of scaffolds for wound healing has become important, especially the formation of tissuespecific scaffolding. In order to create scaffolds, it is essential to mimic the chemical composition, physical morphology and biological functions of the human body. Scaffolds can be created by using synthetic polymers (e.g. polycaprolactone) or natural polymers (e.g. chitosan) or a combination of both. The addition of natural polymers can be very advantageous as they can avoid

Commentary Open Access

Emerging Nanogenerators for Rehabilitation Monitoring and Information Interaction

Bojing Shi, Zhuo Liu, Han Ouyang, Yubo Fan

Patients with limb motor dysfunction caused by trauma and stroke have poor mobility to take care of themselves, which seriously affects the quality of life of them. Through reasonable rehabilitation training, the damaged motor function can be relieved to a certain extent. In the rehabilitation training, the monitoring of limb movement can reflect the recovery state of patients’ physiological function and make a systematic evaluation on the rehabilitation training effect of patients,

Research Article Open Access

In Silico Proteome Analysis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

Chittaranjan Baruah, Saurov Mahanta, Papari Devi, Dhirendra K. Sharma

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV- 2) is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA with genome size 26.2, and 31.7 kb coronavirus, covered by an enveloped structure, which is a major source of disaster in the 21st century. A typical CoV contains at least six ORFs in its genome. SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh coronavirus that is known to cause human disease.

Research Article Open Access

Quantifying Respiratory Airborne Particle Dispersion Control Through Improvised Reusable Masks: The Physics of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions for Reducing SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Airborne Transmission

Nathan J. Edwards, Rebecca Widrick, Richard Potember, Mike Gerschefske

In light of the current pandemic from rapid transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) and significant morbidity, there has been inconsistent medical guidance given to the public regarding the wearing of non-medical improvised fabric masks or face coverings to reduce the transmission of COVID-19.

Research Article Open Access

Rapid Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by Coupling Tungsten Trioxide (WO3) Photocatalyst with Copper Nanoclusters

Silvia Ghezzi, Isabel Pagani, Guido Poli, Sudipto Pal, Antonio Licciulli, Stefano Perboni, Elisa Vicenzi

At the end of 2019, a novel severe respiratory disease (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) spread to Wuhan, China, it became pandemic in few months, with more than 41 million people infected worldwide as of October 2020. COVID-19 is caused by a novel virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) CoV-2 to distinguish it from SARS-CoV that emerged in Guangdong province in China in 2003 and caused the severe clinical condition known as SARS. Like SARS-CoV, SARS- CoV-2 causes a severe inter

Short Communication Open Access

Green Nanotechnology: The Influence of Intermolecular and Supramolecular Interactions

Otávio Augusto Leitão dos Santos, Bianca Pizzorno Backx

In the last decade, the study of nanometer-scale particles has grown exponentially worldwide. This growth is due to the broad field of nanostructures applications, which, due to their dimensions in nanometric sizes, have new properties not found in micro and macro scale. These properties result from the increase in the ratio between the surface area and volume, and the nanostructures’ size directly influences these. Tolerance to temperature, variety of colors, changes in chemical reactivity,

Review Article Open Access

Current Progress in Vanadium Oxide Nanostructures and Its Composites as Supercapacitor Electrodes

Raktima Basu, Sandip Dhara

In recent time, supercapacitors (SCs) are one of the emerging technologies used for clean energy prospect. The higher power density, low specific energy, longer cycle life, and environmental affability made the SCs superior compared to conventional batteries. However, the scientific community is working towards increasing the specific energy of SCs by finding a suitable electrode material. Carbon materials, conducting polymers, and metal oxide or hydroxides are

Commentary Open Access

Cancer Nanomedicine: Strategies to Enhance Tumor Delivery and Immunotherapy

Yuwei Li, Min Luo

Cancer nanomedicine was originally developed for more efficient delivery of chemotherapeutic agents into tumor, and has been extensively employed as a therapeutic for cancer treatment owing to its unique features in drug delivery, diagnosis and imaging, as well as the therapeutic nature of some nanomaterials themselves.

Review Article Open Access

Developing Neo-bioplastics for the Realization of Carbon Sustainable Society

Akihito Nakanishi, Kohei Iritani, Yuri Sakihama

Plastic is a composite material made from organic polymers and can be freely molded into a film, fiber, or plate by heat or pressure processing. In 1839, Goodyear proposed the vulcanization of natural rubbers, while E. Simon discovered polystyrene

Short Communication Open Access

Ligand-free Few Atoms Ag Nanoclusters Synthesis and Their Potential Application as Photocatalytic Agents

Jesica M. J. Santillán, David Muñetón Arboleda, Diego Muraca, Daniel C. Schinca, Lucía B. Scaffardi

Reducing the size of a metal from macroscopic to the nanoscale generates a scaling behavior in physical and chemical properties due to the large surface-to-volume fraction. While a further size reduction to small clusters under 2 nm (<~100 atoms) yield geometric and electronic structurwhich are still different from their nanoparticle (NP) counterpart.

Review Article Open Access

Multidirectional Benefits of Nanotechnology in the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Tuberculosis

Monika Gupta, Shivangi, Laxman S. Meena

Despite the curious advancement in medical science and therapeutics, tuberculosis (TB) persist the primary factor of mortality than any other infectious disease and socioeconomic disaster for millions of people around the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), World’s One-third of the population is infected with this disease and of these, 8 to 10 million people develop active disease and 2 million people die each year and the rest of the infected people remain asymptomatic.

Commentary Open Access

Engineered Rh Nano-networks on DNA for SERS Applications

Sangeetha Kumaravel, Kannimuthu Karthick, Selvasundarasekar Sam Sankar, Arun Karmakar, Subrata Kundu

The study of surface and interfacial science via analytical techniques is a growing interest in the easy mode of diagnosing probe molecules adsorbed on the surface. In that line, Raman spectroscopy is an analytical method that is inefficient to carry the surface analysis employing their weak cross-sectional scattering until the discovery of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) in late 1970s

Research Article Open Access

Development of HPV 16/18 E6 Oncoprotein Paperbased Nanokit for Enhanced Detection of HPV 16/18 E6 Oncoprotein in Cervical Cancer Screening

Lucy Muthoni Mwai, Mutinda C. Kyama, Caroline W. Ngugi, Edwin Walong

According to global cancer statistics GLOBOCAN, carcinoma of cervix is ranked as the fourth most common malignancy among women worldwide with an estimation of 570,000 cases and 311,000 deaths in 2018. It is the second most common female malignancy in Lowand- Middle Income Countries (LMICs). In Kenya, the prevalence is 25 cases per 100,000 women. Approximately 75% cases of cervical cancer are caused by persistent infections of the cervical mucosal epithelium with carcinogenic types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) mainly 16 and 18.

Research Article Open Access

Structural Characterization of Commercial Graphite and Graphene Materials

It-Meng Low, Hani Manssor Albetran, Michael Degiorgio

The most important elemental-carbon-based materials include zero-, one-, two-, and three-dimensionalstructured fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphite, respectively. These non-metallic carbon materials have properties that are similar to semiconducting metals.

Research Article Open Access

Bioconjugation of AuNPs with HPV 16/18 E6 Antibody through Physical Adsorption Technique

Lucy Muthoni Mwai, Mutinda C. Kyama, Caroline W. Ngugi, Edwin Walong

HPV 16/18 E6 oncoprotein has been evaluated as a useful biomarker with prognostic abilities as it can detect pre-cancer and cancerous states of cervical cancer progression. A positive E6 assay indicates a high correlation to the cervical cancerous phenotype, not the potential for cervical cancer, thus high specificity in triaging patients during screening. E6 levels of expression associate directly with the severity of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions and the risk of

Review Article Open Access

Exploiting Nanotechnology to Target Viruses

Sérgio Antunes Filho, Otávio Augusto Leitão dos Santos, Mayara Santana dos Santos, Bianca Pizzorno Backx

Infectious diseases caused by microorganisms of the most varied natures and by viral entities cause millions of deaths every year. Around the world, viral infections have impacted civilizations’ circumstances since the earliest times, including the current panorama of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic known as coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19). In this sense, in the last century,

Mini Review Open Access

Development of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles as Semiconductors

Ahmed M. Abu-Dief

The variety of methods employed during the fabrication of MONPs can alter the characteristics and control the properties of the obtained nano-oxides. The reaction mechanisms and, therefore, the functionality of nanostructured MOx depend on their composition

Short Communication Open Access

CO-Releasing Materials: Therapeutic Implications and Challenges towards Drug Discovery

Muhammad Faizan, Niaz Muhammad

Since last century, carbon monoxide (CO) generally regarded as “silent killer” and life-threatening for living organisms because of its colourless, odourless and poisonous nature. Haldane explored the poisonous nature of CO can be exerted as car-boxy hemoglobin (COHb) through hemoglobin dissociation parameters