Articles

Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common causes of pediatric cancer mortality. Cancer is well known for its complexity and wide variety of presentations. At its worst, NB presents with early metastasis and resistance to therapies.

Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is a serine/threonine kinase that serves as a central regulator of cellular energy homeostasis, growth control, polarity, and stress adaptation. Acting as a master kinase, LKB1 activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and a family of related kinases, thereby restraining mTORC1 signaling and limiting anabolic, energy-consuming processes.

Neurology requires complex and multi-faceted care for patients with multi-disciplinary collaboration. There is significant strain on current physicians due to limited provider availability and resources. APPs offer an excellent source of support and care to patients and are able to work closely with physicians and care teams with varying degrees of supervision and offer excellent and comprehensive care to patients. 

Schizophrenia is a complex, multifactorial neuropsychiatric disorder in which many patients continue to experience disabling negative and cognitive symptoms despite treatment with dopamine-based antipsychotics. This therapeutic limitation has intensified the search for alternative neurobiological pathways that more directly regulate stress, affective processing, and salience. Increasing translational evidence indicates the dynorphin–kappa opioid receptor (DYN–KOR) pathway as a vital molecular regulator within cortico–striatal–limbic circuits that are impaired in schizophrenia. 

This commentary refers to the article: ‘The future of psychology in schools – a review and outlook: with particular reference to the role of school psychology’. For a better understanding, some additional information has also been included. Basic problems in the German education system, as they have become apparent (among other things) in international studies, must be urgently addressed.

Effector T cells rely on tightly coordinated metabolic and epigenetic programs to sustain immune function. Emerging evidence highlights a central role for mitochondria in integrating these programs through nutrient utilization and regulation of metabolite flux. The electron transport chain (ETC), localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane, directs cellular metabolism toward oxidative phosphorylation.

Building on an earlier analysis of the repeated performances of Verdi’s Messa da Requiem in the Terezín ghetto, this article revisits the undertaking as a paradigmatic instance of musical practice under conditions of radical persecution. Drawing on survivors’ testimonies and historical–musicological sources, and guided by psychoanalytic concepts, we suggest that Verdi’s Requiem could function as a collective container in Bion’s sense: a structured musical–textual matrix that received death and terror and returned it in forms that could be borne, shared, and symbolically elaborated.

Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease that primarily affects adults, but it can also occur in the pediatric population, although less commonly. Common manifestations of sarcoidosis include pulmonary involvement, lymphadenopathy, and skin lesions. The clinical presentation in children can be diverse, making diagnosis challenging.

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s are increasingly recognized as key contributors to fall risk among older adults. Falls are the leading cause of injury-related emergency visits among the elderly, and cognitive decline appears to play a bidirectional role in this relationship.

Recurrent infections in children may indicate underlying inborn errors of immunity. Early detection by combined immunologic and genetic testing is essential for accurate diagnosis and targeted intervention. This prospective study included 60 pediatric patients aged ≤18 years with recurrent infections, evaluated between 2022 and 2024. The median age at enrollment was 6.2 years ([IQR] 3.6–11.3).

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare cystic neoplasm that almost exclusively affects women. LAM arises from inherited or spontaneous mutations in TSC1 or TSC2 genes, which result in constitutive activation of mTOR and downstream signaling. These mutations arise in a uterine population of cells that migrate to the lungs where they establish nodules that progress to cysts and progressive lung function decline.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the most common sleep disorder, affects nearly 1 billion people worldwide. Moreover, because most cases of OSA remain undiagnosed and untreated, affected individuals are at risk of serious complications, including ischemic stroke, cardiovascular disease, and cognitive decline. Although OSA is a well-established risk factor for cerebrovascular disease, particularly ischemic stroke.

Morphine influences multiple brain nuclei that regulate key physiological systems, including the endocrine and immune systems, as well as behavioral expression. Opioid consumption has been shown to suppress both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and immune function—systems that play a critical role in the development of opioid tolerance and the manifestation of withdrawal symptoms. 

Methylphenidate (MPD) is a widely prescribed psychostimulant used to treat behavioral disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as for cognitive and memory enhancement across all age groups. In addition, MPD is often used—and abused—recreationally by adolescents, adults, and older individuals. 

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an essential tool in modern biomedical research. However, its increasing role in manuscript preparation raises urgent ethical and practical questions. This editorial discusses the main AI modalities currently influencing molecular biology and genetics machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, and large language models.

The endometrium is thought to serve as the precursor tissue for diseases of the uterus such as endometrial cancer, adenomyosis, and endometriosis.  More specifically, endometrial glands are proposed to be the source of developing endometrial cancer within the uterine body while ectopic endometrial glands and surrounding stroma which develop within the myometrium give rise to adenomyosis, and those that establish outside of the uterus give rise to endometriosis.

The aim of this study is to use the Python language to design an application program for grain properties, then use a database for computer applications to predict the physical, mechanical, and aerodynamic characteristics of some grains.

Background: Adolescents and young adults living with HIV often face adherence challenges due to psychosocial, developmental, and structural barriers. This study examined whether the mode of HIV transmission—vertical vs. horizontal—impacts adherence or viral suppression in youth receiving long-acting cabotegravir–rilpivirine within a specialty pharmacy-supported pediatric/adolescent HIV outpatient clinic.

Introduction: For patients with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML), defined by certain cytogenetic (CG) and molecular genetic features, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only curative therapy. The logistics of proceeding to transplant might necessitate consolidation chemotherapy involving high dose cytarabine (HiDAC). 

Contemporary project environments involve increasing complexity and psychological demands, while mental health remains underrepresented in project management research. This article presents the big project picture as a holistic visual approach to enhance shared understanding and reduce uncertainty in projects.