Articles

Cancer cachexia remains one of the most devastating and under-treated complications of advanced malignancy. This multifactorial syndrome—characterized by severe weight
loss, muscle wasting, adipose tissue depletion, anorexia, and systemic inflammation—afflicts up to 80% of patients with certain cancers (such as pancreatic) and directly contributes to reduced quality of life, poorer treatment tolerance, and increased mortality [1].

Non-compliance is a frequently underestimated phenomenon in medicine. Compliance means adherence to therapy, cooperation and participation of patients and their human environment in medical treatment and refers to taking medication, adhering to diets or lifestyle changes, such as reducing risk factors, for example smoking, obesity or lack of exercise [1]. 

Most of what we know about oral disease is measured in bulk. Saliva is pooled, plaque is scraped from multiple surfaces and lumped together, and gingival samples are homogenized before downstream analyses.

This manuscript reviews key advancements in muscle biology, focusing on molecular mechanisms underlying muscle plasticity and regeneration. We explore the roles of myokines, particularly interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in muscle adaptation and repair.

This paper presents an enhanced Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) methodology for structural beam deflection analysis, introducing three methodological contributions that address computational challenges in mechanics: a penalty-based boundary condition enforcement framework, a time-decaying adaptive boundary loss weight, and a regularized representation of concentrated loads via Gaussian approximation.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to motor deficits and impaired balance and gait, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) aims to increase recovery by modulating cortical plasticity. A male patient in his late 20s presented with tetraplegia and balance impairment for four years after TBI. Initial home-based exercises yielded no significant improvement. The patient subsequently underwent rTMS and neuromotor training over 2 weeks to improve motor control and balance.

Sato’s article “Decline in Physical Activity after Age 35 Increases the Risk of Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Diabetes” highlights the obesity and diabetes crises, offering strategies to mitigate these illnesses through health promotion programs and personal motivation. To promote population behavior change, approaches that include societal, structural and personal influences are imperative.

This article examines the construct of employee organizational commitment, focusing on two key aspects. First, it explores how learning-friendly working conditions can help strengthen employee commitment to their employer. Second, building on this, the article analyses the effects of this commitment on employee health. The results show that existing learning and development opportunities primarily address emotional commitment components.

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a prevalent and progressive disorder marked by fibrocalcific remodeling of the aortic valve, for which no effective pharmacological therapies currently exist. While CAVD is recognized as an active, cell-driven process, the intercellular communication networks that govern pathological valve remodeling are not fully understood.

Staphylococcus aureus is a non-motile Gram-positive bacterium that exhibits antibiotic resistant forms (i.e. MRSA, VRSA), which continue to represent a major source of nosocomial infection. Alternative therapeutics are urgently needed to control the overactive host response in S. aureus-associated sepsis. However, the therapeutic molecular targets for sepsis remain poorly understood.

Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are nanoscale mediators of intercellular communication critical to liver physiology and pathology.

The rapid advancement in genetic research and the proliferation of genetic testing technologies have sparked significant ethical debates regarding privacy, ownership, and the repercussions of genetic data misuse.

Case Summary: This case highlights a rare and diagnostically challenging presentation of liver failure from Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) in a 35-year-old male with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The patient, initially on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and tuberculosis prophylaxis, presented with a one-month history of abdominal pain, jaundice, acholic stool, tea-colored urine, and nausea.

Overlap between diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is associated with significantly higher mortality than either condition alone. While hypertonic (trans locational) hyponatremia is common in hyperglycemic crises, clinically significant hypernatremia in mixed DKA/HHS presents with certain treatment challenges due to rapid osmotic shifts during insulin therapy. A 40-year-old woman with non-significant past medical history presented with vomiting, polyuria, polydipsia, and confusion for two days.

As people with HIV (PWH) age with improved antiretroviral therapy (ART), understanding health outcomes in cohabiting couples whether seroconcordant or serodiscordant has become increasingly important for comprehensive HIV care. This study investigated viral load suppression rates, hypertension, and diabetes prevalence among HIV-infected individuals in seroconcordant and serodiscordant cohabiting relationships and identified demographic and clinical factors associated with these outcomes.

"Wugeng" (??)—literally meaning "free of obstruction/infarction for stroke and dementia" represents a transformative national health goal for China: the annual elimination or near-zero incidence of lethal stroke, dementia, and heart attack through systematic preservation of the muscle-vascular-brain axis.

The availability and accessibility of Prosthetics and Orthotics (P&O) services in Ghana remain largely unquantified, with anecdotal evidence suggesting significant disparities between urban and rural areas. A quantitative, cross-sectional geospatial design was utilized in this study using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to map P&O service distribution.

1,1-Bis(3’-indolyl)-1-(3,5-disubstitutedphenyl)methane (DIM-3,5) compounds in the presence or absence of a 4-hydroxylphenyl group bind both orphan nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1) and NR4A2. In cancer cells, these compounds bind and inactivate pro-oncogenic NR4A1 and NR4A2 and downstream pathways acting as inverse agonists that inhibit cancer cell growth, survival, migration and invasion, and induce ferroptosis.

Elucidating how normal aging increases vulnerability to neurodegeneration remains a major gap in our understanding of disease risk and progression. The dorsal striatum serves as the primary input nucleus of the basal ganglia and is a key region implicated in multiple neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). In Colon et al. 2025, we examined the impact of normal aging on neuroinflammatory signaling and perineuronal net (PNN) homeostasis within the dorsal striatum.

Hydatid cysts are zoonotic infections caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. While the liver and lungs are the primary organs affected by these parasitic cysts, subcutaneous involvement is relatively rare, with an estimated incidence of up to 3%. In this report, we present the case of a 45-year-old Tunisian man diagnosed with a subcutaneous intermuscular hydatid cyst.