Articles

Stroke is a debilitating neurologic condition characterized by an interruption or complete blockage of blood flow to certain areas of the brain. While the primary injury occurs at the time of the initial ischemic event or hemorrhage, secondary injury mechanisms contribute to neuroinflammation, disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), excitotoxicity, and cerebral edema in the days and hours after stroke.

Heparin is a highly sulfated, hence highly polyanionic, glycosaminoglycan with a repeating disaccharide that contains a hexuronic acid, and it has been used as an anticoagulant clinically for more than half a century. Daily IP injections of small amounts of heparin in the STZ diabetic rat prevented these pathological responses even though the animals sustained hyperglycemic levels of glucose throughout.

The ability of mobile genetic elements to transfer drug resistance between bacteria can cause the rapid establishment of multi-drug resistance (MDR) [1,2], and human infection caused by multi-resistant, rather than susceptible organisms increases the likelihood of death [3]. 

Fabrication of dye thin films is accomplished through physical vapor deposition with a thickness of 150 ± 5 nm. Kinetically, the reduction of permanganate ion as a multi-equivalent oxidant by acriflavine hydrochloride (ACFH) in a neutral medium has been studied spectrophotometrically. In the presence of a pseudo-first-order reaction, the experimental results suggest fractional first-order kinetics in [ACFH] and a first-order dependency in [MnO₄^-]. 

Oxidative phosphorylation dysregulation (OXPHOS) has been demonstrated to be essential for the development of cancer. Therefore, it may be argued that chaperone and deacetylase activities modulate OXPHOS activity. For instance, a complicated network of interactions connects a cell’s bioenergetic features and neoplastic potential through the imbalance of sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) enzymatic activity in mitochondria.

The reported incidences of 10.6 million tuberculosis cases worldwide with 1.6 million deaths in 2021 indicate that this disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogen is difficult to treat and requires exploring newer possible therapeutic interventions. To identify novel drug targets, it is important to understand the basic physiological processes of each pathogen in detail. Cell division is the fundamental physiological process which maintains the replicative state of bacteria. 

This presentation considers theoretical investigations of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). Theoretical methods were applied to investigate the interactions between titanium dioxide nanoparticles and sensitizers. The ONIOM model was used to obtain the geometries of different conformers of dye molecules with TiO₂ and their binding energies. TD-DFT calculations were carried out to obtain the absorption spectra and the relative orbital energy levels of sensitizers and TiO₂.

A major obstacle to fulfilling the therapeutic promise of gene therapies for hereditary brain diseases, such as Huntington’ Disease (HD), is the requirement for viral vectors and/or an invasive delivery system (stereotaxic injection into brain or infusion into the intrathecal space). HD is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease for which several clinical trials have demonstrated gene-lowering effects following intrathecal administration.

This commentary shows the development of a new optical biosensor, based on cell immobilization of Pseudomonas Fluorescens HK44, in nano and micro-tubular cellulose (TC) and a mixture of carbohydrate nanotubes (CHNTs) and carbohydrate micro-tubes (CHMTs). Methodology follows, this biocatalyst can be industrialized with the use of a single tank immobilized cell bioreactor (ICB).

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are a group of cancers that affect various parts of the head and neck, such as the lip, oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and nasopharynx. In India, it accounts for approximately 30–40% of all cancers, while in the United States, it represents around 4% of all cancer cases. HNSCC is a significant contributor to cancer-related deaths globally. While smoking is linked to HNSCC

Background: In advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), second-line treatment with nintedanib plus docetaxel improves survival compared with docetaxel, especially in patients with adenocarcinoma histology who progressed within 9 months after the start of firstline treatment. It is therefore necessary to identify new biomarkers/prognostic factors that select the patients who benefit from this type of treatment.

IDH2 gene mutations, typically at residues R140 and R172, occur in 8–19% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These mutations induce production of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), an oncometabolite that causes DNA and histone hypermethylation, and subsequent blockade of hematopoietic cell differentiation.

Our previous research demonstrated that TERT and concurrent PIK3CA mutations predict worse overall survival in patients with poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the synergistic oncogenic operations of the two oncogenes is unclear.

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are a rapidly advancing field which utilizes brain activity to control external devices for a myriad of functions, including the restoration of motor function. Clinically, BCIs have been especially impactful in patients who suffer from stroke-mediated damage. However, due to the rapid advancement in the field, there is a lack of accepted standards of practice.

Posterior quadrant epilepsy is relatively uncommon and refractory seizures from these regions are difficult to diagnose and manage. A 28-year-old woman presented for evaluation of her seizures. Scalp Electroencephalogram (EEG) showed seizures with independent onset over the right posterior and left anterior regions.

Orbital lymphoproliferative disorders (OLPDs) consist of a spectrum of diseases ranging from benign to malignant lesions including reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, atypical lymphoid hyperplasia, and lymphoma. OLPDs rarely present as an orbital mass lesion in children. Accurate discrimination of OLPDs is crucial for treatment planning. We report a case to investigate the clinical and pathological
features of OLPDs in children.

A patient with a unilateral congenital vitreous cyst attached to the posterior lens capsule is now described, with its photographic appearance.

Ptosis or the dropping of an eyelid can affect both the adult and pediatric populations and can be caused by various factors. Ptosis is not very common and in children, the common causes include orbital cellulitis, congenital ptosis, Cranial Nerve III palsy, and Horner’s syndrome.

How does the risk for adverse obstetric outcomes differ among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and women with Cushing’s syndrome (CUS)? A retrospective population-based study utilizing data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project—Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS), 2004-2014. 14, 881 deliveries to women with PCOS and 134 deliveries to women with CUS were identified.

We recently reported that glypican-2, a neuronal cell surface glycoprotein, is involved in age-dependent differences in axonal regenerative capacity in the mammalian central nervous systems (CNS). While several extrinsic inhibitory factors expressed or deposited in the lesion after trauma hinder axonal regeneration, our understanding of intrinsic factors expressed in neurons that regulate axonal regeneration is still limited.