Journal of Experimental Pathology

Original Research Open Access

Development of a Fast and Quantitative Method to Evaluate Oocytes in Experimental Rabbits

Yafei Zhang, Haoyun Li, Mengjun Dai, Minghui Feng, Yi Lou, Dandan Li, Ji Yang, Lingna Li, Juan Lv, Hui Zhang

The pathological evaluation of ovaries is a critical endpoint in reproductive toxicology assessments. Currently, there is no standardized method for the quantification of oocytes and follicles in preclinical drug safety evaluations. This study developed a simplified quantitative method based on stereological principles to efficiently assess the number of oocytes in experimental rabbits. The quantitative results obtained with this method are consistent with those from traditional counting methods.

Review Article Open Access

Immunohistochemistry in Small Lung Biopsies: Diagnostic Pitfalls and Challenges with Limited Panels

Erik Polsdofer, Jian Jing

With the increasing need for targeted therapies in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), preserving sufficient biopsy material has become essential. As most lung cancer cases are advanced or inoperable at the time of diagnosis, small biopsies, including cytology specimens, often serve as the only source of diagnostic material. Accurate subclassification of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in NSCLC using a limited panel including TTF1 and p63/p40 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, as well as confirming small cell carcinoma using essential IHC markers, is critical for precise diagnosis, cost-effective treatment, and optimal patient care.

Review Article Open Access

Nanopore Sequencing of Cell-free DNA: An Emerging Liquid Biopsy Approach for Brain Tumor Molecular Profiling

Tamer A. Addissouky

Brain tumors exhibit significant molecular heterogeneity, complicating diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Traditional tissue biopsies are invasive and often fail to capture the full tumor landscape due to intratumoral heterogeneity. Liquid biopsy, which analyzes cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), offers a minimally invasive alternative for tumor profiling. Nanopore sequencing, a novel long-read sequencing technology, is emerging as a valuable tool in this context.

Research Article Open Access

Analysis of Hearing Monitoring in Children during Annual Visits to an Outpatient Hearing Health Service Program

Daniely Hackbarth de Souza, Patricia Haas, Marcos José Machado, Luciana Berwanger Cigana, Karina Mary de Paiva

Preserving the integrity of the auditory system is crucial for language development, learning, and social interaction. Any interruption in these processes during development can result in significant functional impairments. The objective was to carry out a longitudinal analysis of audiological data from children who underwent an initial assessment at SASA in 2018 and were followed up for 4 years at the outpatient's annual consultations.

Research Article Open Access

Azot is Not Essential for Loser Cell Elimination in a Time-dependent Manner

Mariana Marques-Reis, Barbara Hauert, Eduardo Moreno

Cell competition is a conserved phenomenon spanning from arthropods to humans. It involves the elimination of viable yet suboptimal "loser" cells when juxtaposed with their fitter "winner" counterparts. This process has received increased attention for its implications in cancer initiation and progression, neurodegeneration, and ageing. This study investigates the presence of the loser fitness fingerprint Flower LoseB (Fwe LB) and the fitness checkpoint Azot in the optic lobes over a period of 28 days. Notably, the absence of Azot is conventionally linked to the accumulation of loser cells over time.

Commentary Open Access

Methylene Blue Oral Rinse: An Effective Alternative for the Treatment of Pain in Oral Mucositis during Head and Neck Cancer Treatment

Reuben Horace, Sara P. Roldan, Carlos J. Roldan

While the general population perceives mucositis as soreness and inflammation of the mouth or gut, the cancer patient experiences it as one of the most dreaded and debilitating side effects of therapy. Mucositis can be painful, but especially oral mucositis (OM) stands as a prevalent adverse consequence of cancer treatment impacting the oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal mucosa. The etiology and severity of OM lesions exhibit variability contingent upon the modality of treatment employed. For individuals undergoing chemotherapy, the incidence of OM approximates 40%, with a proportional increase noted in accordance with the chemotherapy agent and the number of therapy cycles. 

Commentary Open Access

A Work on the Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine Combined with Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) Step-down on Non-erosive Reflux Disease

Xuefei Yang, Jiaqi Zhang, Xiuxiu Wei, Ping Wang, Fengyun Wang, Xudong Tang

We have published an article in Trials journal to carry out a multicentered, randomized controlled clinical trial on the treatment role of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) combined Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) step-down in non-erosive reflux disease (NRED). NRED is the most popular type of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which is defined as “the presence of abnormal acid exposure time (AET) with or without reflux–symptom association on ambulatory reflux monitoring performed off anti-secretory therapy” by Rome IV consensus.

Commentary Open Access

Non-Invasive Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation in Cancer Population

Abdoul Madjid Kone, Sara P. Roldan, Valentina Velez, Carlos J. Roldan

The pelvic floor (PF) is a complex network of muscles and ligaments that serves as a crucial structural support for various pelvic organs, including the bladder, urethra, prostate, vagina, uterus, anus, and rectum, while also indirectly supporting intra-abdominal contents. It forms a hammock-like supportive layer embedded from the pubic bone to the sacrum/coccyx and ischial tuberosities. 

Research Article Open Access

Retesting of Neonatal Hearing Screening Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study

Carolina Schmitz Tiezerin, Karina Mary de Paiva, Luciele Kauna Woide, Luciana Berwanger Cigana, Marcos José Machado, Patrícia Haas

Introduction: Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS) plays an essential role in the early identification of hearing loss in neonates. Risk factors for hearing impairment may include family history, prematurity, and exposure to ototoxic substances. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) might be a significant contributing factor affecting the structures of the inner ear.

Editorial Open Access

Therapeutic Pathology- The Pathology of Tomorrow

Sushma P Kulkarni

As pure science, pathology has always been the backbone of every aspect of diagnosis in medical practice. Although the main focus has been on the classification of the disease entities and their association with the prognosis of the condition, the focus has been shifting towards more practical applications- the ‘therapeutic uses’.

Research Article Open Access

Evaluation of Breast, Lymph Node, and Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology by Liquid Based Smears and Conventional Smears

Rajesh Reddy, Shailaja Prabhala, Shrinivas B Somalwar, Ashok Kumar Deshpande

Introduction: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a first-line investigation for palpable lumps and is a highly cost-effective and accurate investigative technique. It is a safe, simple, rapid, minimally invasive technique. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) has been used in gynecologic-cytology for over three decades. Many laboratories have adopted LBC technique for exfoliative and FNA samples. We undertook the present study to compare the advantages and disadvantages of conventional and liquid based cytology preparations.

Research Article Open Access

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Potential of Endophytic Fungi and GC-MS Metabolic Profiling of Cephalosporium sp., and Fusarium moniliforme

Hafiza Farhat, Faizah Urooj, Nida Sohail, Shahid Ullah, Muhammad Aamer

From last few decades, microbes gained special attention residing inside plant tissues, now called endophyte. Studies proved that these microbes are able to produce biologically active metabolites and effective candidates against various pathogens. Endophytic fungi are a source of natural therapeutic products. Therefore, endophytic Fusarium species are isolated from different plants. 

Mini Review Open Access

Current Understanding and Gaps in Knowledge of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection

G Bastidas, D Bastidas, G Bastidas-Delgado

Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacterial infection that most frequently causes sexually transmitted infection in the world, therefore, it is considered a serious public health problem. The objective of this commentary is to describe in a condensed but sufficient manner what has been reported by researchers on the subject based on the documentary review available in digital repositories on aspects of the infection.

Research Article Open Access

Concurrent PIK3CA and TERT Mutation Promote the Proliferation and Invasion of Thyroid Carcinoma Cells and may be Caused by Up-regulating the Expression of GABPA/GABPB1

Huanli Duan, Qiang Ma, Leiming Wang, Shengnan Wang, Yanlei Xiong, Lianghong Teng

Our previous research demonstrated that TERT and concurrent PIK3CA mutations predict worse overall survival in patients with poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the synergistic oncogenic operations of the two oncogenes is unclear.

Research Article Open Access

The Duration of Mechanical Ventilation is the Main Cause of Bacterial/Fungal Superinfection in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 at Altitude

Molano Franco Daniel, Masclans Joan R, Nuvials Xavier, Gomez Mario, Enciso Cesar, Villabon Mario, Beltran Edgar, Pérez Mauricio, Ramírez Gabriel, Gomez Andres, Escobar Luis, Villa Andres, Arias-Reyes Cristian, Soliz Jorge

The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with a large number of patients spending long periods of time in intensive care units (ICUs), many of them suffering bacterial/fungal superinfections. However, both the incidence and cause of bacterial/fungal superinfections in COVID-19 critically ill patients remain poorly investigated in hospitals located at high altitudes (above 2500 meters).

Research Article Open Access

Differential Expression of Long Non-coding Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Genes in Endometriosis-associated Ovarian Cancer (EAOC): A Pilot Meta-analysis for Pathological Insights and Potential Diagnostic Biomarker Identification

A Finall, D James, M Quintela-Vazquez, RS Conlan

Ovarian cancer affects 15 women per 100,000 in Europe [1] but it is not one disease. Epithelial malignancy the most common type of ovarian malignancy and defines the groups termed carcinoma [2,3]. Other malignant subtypes include sarcomas, germ cell tumors and sex-cord stromal tumors [1]. Ovarian carcinomas are subdivided based on histological features, the most common being high-grade serous carcinoma which makes up around 70% of ovarian carcinomas [2,4]. Up to 10% of ovarian carcinomas are endometrioid subtype, having phenotypic and molecular resemblances to endometroid adenocarcinomas that arise in the endometrial cavity [3,5] Clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) and endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary (EnOC) occur on a background of ovarian endometriosis in as many as 70% of cases [6,7]. OCCC is equally as common as endometroid type, perhaps reflecting this shared origin and collectively are often referred to as Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Carcinomas (EAOCs). Mucinous carcinoma is less common than endometriosisrelated carcinomas at around 3% of ovarian carcinomas [2].

Commentary Open Access

Non-Interventional Treatment of Post-Dural-Puncture Headache; High-Flow Oxygen and Pro-Serotonin Agents a Safe and Effective Alternative

Anthony Tran, Carlos J. Roldan

Lumbar punctures are commonly performed for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes by threading a needle through the outermost layer of the meninges, the dura mater, and into the intrathecal space within the lumbar region of the spine [1]. The intrathecal space contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a clear and colorless fluid, which surrounds the brain and spinal cord and can provide information regarding intracranial pressures, presence of diseases involving the central nervous system (CNS) or surrounding meninges [2-4]. A common complication of dural puncture is a postdural puncture headache (PDPH) which is defined by The International Headache Society as a “headache that develops within 5 days of dural puncture and resolves within 1 week spontaneously or within 48 hours after effective treatment of the spinal fluid leak”

Research Article Open Access

Evaluation of the Relationship between Capillaroscopic Symptoms and the Severity of Systemic Lupus Erythematous

Fatemeh Shirani, Leila Barahimi

Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is one of the most common rheumatic diseases with a global incidence of 50 to 70 cases per million people and the prevalence of 500 cases per one million people resulted in significant functional disabilities in 6.2% of cases [1].

Commentary Open Access

The Proliferative Changes of Renal Afferent Arteriolar Walls and Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors

Yohko Nagai M.D.

The hyperfiltration theory of Brenner et al. in 1982 [1], is widely recognized and studied closely as a final common pathway of kidney function deterioration from some point to the irreversible end-stage by any first kidney insult. In the paper, the deterioration of kidney function is induced because of the glomerular hemodynamics,

Short Communication Open Access

Newborns’ Hearing Health Associated with Infectious Diseases in Primary Healthcare Infectious Diseases and Neonatal Hearing Screening

Eduarda Besen, Karina Mary de Paiva, Luciana Berwanger Cigana, Marcos José Machado, Patrícia Haas

According to the World Health Organization [1], hearing loss is unevenly distributed worldwide and importantly associated with each region’s per capita income. Hearing is one of the most important human senses [2], and a healthy auditory system is a prerequisite to language and auditory skill development [3]. Hence, it is a serious matter for patients when their auditory health is affected.

Short Communication Open Access

Can Artificial Intelligence Help?

Nguyen Thanh Duc, Jae Hyun Park, Kyudong Han, Boreom Lee, Yong-Moon Lee

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the fifth most common malignant tumor in women worldwide and the most common cancer in women younger than 25 years [1]. Fortunately, the first is that the prognosis is excellent compared to other malignant tumors [2].

Review Article Open Access

Cancer Stem Cells, Together with Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Other Cooperative Cells, Govern the Initiation and Development of Cancer

Gabriella Racchetti, Jacopo Meldolesi

Until the end of last century, the origin and development of cancers were mostly attributed to the proliferation of their active cells, operative in collaboration with non-cancer cells of the patients. In particular, an important role was attributed to cells now recognized as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), first considered a few decades ago. Initially, however, the role attributed to these cells was only limited.

Case Report Open Access

Adenosquamous Carcinoma of Ascending Colon: Where an Unseen is Seen

Prachi, Hema Malini Aiyer

Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most malignant solid tumors in Western countries. With the exception of the lower rectum, most primary malignant colorectal tumors are adenocarcinomas.

Commentary Open Access

Colonoscopy Audit Increases Detection of Sessile Serrated Polyps

Alan Gordon Fraser

Detection and removal of all adenomas at colonoscopy is associated with a reduced interval cancer rate [1,2]. This is consistent with the adenoma-carcinoma sequence for colorectal cancer. The identification of the serrated polyp cancer pathway has emphasized the importance of detection and removal of sessile serrated polyps. Serrated polyps are precursor lesions accounting for 15% to 30% of colorectal cancers. They are overrepresented as a cause of interval cancers [3].

Research Article Open Access

Neuroprotective Effects of Khaya Anthotheca (Welw.) C.DC (Meliaceae) Decoction on Neurodegeneration Induced by Estrogen Depletion in Rats

Zemo Gamo Franklin, Djiogue Sefirin, Seke Etet Paul Faustin, Pieme Constant Anatole, Babiker Ali Yousif, Awounfack Charline Florence, Djikem Tadah Rudig Nikanor, Njamen Dieudonne

The cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala are among the brain regions where estrogens may act to improve cognition, memory and mood. In these regions, estrogens have many beneficial effects, including neuroprotection, neurogenesis, as well as neurotrophic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects [1-2].

Mini Review Open Access

Varying Presentations of EBV-associated Clinical Entities with Emphasis on EBV-Associated T- and NK-cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders of Childhood

Jonathan Y. Keow, Nikhil A. Sangle

The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is an endemic human herpesvirus, with 90% of people demonstrating serological evidence of prior exposure to EBV. In most cases, primary infections of EBV generate mild or asymptomatic clinical courses, but may present as infectious mononucleosis if contracted during young adulthood. In a small percentage of cases, Epstein- Barr virus infection may manifest as a noncanonical reaction, yielding a wide variety of clinical manifestations.

Editorial Open Access

Spinal Capillary and Cavernous Haemangiomas in Developmental Age: Our Experience

Anthony Kevin Scafa, Giorgio Santoro, Vito Chiarella, Nicoletta Greco, Massimo Corsini, Manolo Piccirilli

Vascular anomalies are quite common lesions. They are frequently encountered in the pediatric population, being present at birth or developing later, during infancy, childhood, or adolescence. Most of these lesions are benign. Nevertheless, even benign lesions may exhibit significant morbidity without idoneous management [1].

Research Article Open Access

Repurposing of an Antifungal Drug against Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors

Charli Deepak Arulanandam, Prathiviraj Ragothaman, Govindarajan Rasiravathanahalli Kaveriyappan

Molecular docking approaches explore the receptor-ligand conformations within the binding sites of macromolecular targets [1]. Structure-based drug discovery is widely used by the scientific community in Medicinal Chemistry to estimate the ligand-receptor binding free energy by evaluating critical phenomena involved in the intermolecular recognition process [2,3].

Research Article Open Access

Epidemiological Profile and Clinical Conditions of Women with or without Precursor Lesion for Cervical Cancer

Lyvia Mirelle Carneiro de França, Caroline Ramalho Galvão Assis, Lorena Ramalho Galvão, Maria Emília Cirqueira Silva, Bruna Matos Santos Dantas, Lorena Moura de Assis Sampaio, Magno Conceição das Mercês, Sarah dos Santos Conceição, Roberta Borges Silva, Julita Maria Freitas Coelho

Cervical cancer (CC) is a health condition faced by women, and affects mainly developed countries [1,2]. According to the world estimate of 570 thousand new cases, cervix cancer is on the fourth place of most frequent cases, representing 3.2% of all cancer types, and is also on the fourth place regarding mortality [1]. The 2018 estimate was 311,365 deaths worldwide. This corresponds to an estimated risk of 15.1 per thousand women [3,4].

Research Article Open Access

Quality of Cervical Cancer Screening at a Family Health Unit in Salvador-BA

Julita Maria Freitas Coelho, Jamilly Souza da Silva, Letícia Fonsêca Santos, Lyvia Mirelle Carneiro França, Gláucia Alencar Ponte, Lorena Moura de Assis Sampaio, Caroline Ramalho Galvão, Lorena Ramalho Galvão, Bruna Matos Santos Dantas, Sarah dos Santos Conceição, Érica Velasco Dias Gomes, Maria Emília Cirqueira Silva, Ana Clara Silva Oliveira, Caroline Santos Silva

Cytopathological examination (CE) is the main method for early identification of cervical cancer (CC) and its precursor lesions. Also known as Papanicolau, according to [1], it is recognized as a fast, low cost, and effective for detection, although its vulnerability for collection bias, plate preparation and its interpretation.

Research Article Open Access

BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Elicited Antibody Responses in COVID-19-naïve Subjects

Chin Shern LAU, Soon Kieng Phua, Ya Li Liang, Mei Lin Helen Oh, Tar-Choon Aw

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines have gained international acceptance and have been proven to be safe and effective [1,2]. In a study of 3,950 frontline healthcare workers with no previous laboratory documentation of COVID-19 [3],

Research Article Open Access

Weight and Abdominal Adiposity Loss with Auricular Acupuncture – A Randomized Controlled Trial

Diogo Talaia de Matos¨, Maria João Santos, António Moreira, Jorge Machado, Andreia Vieira

According to the WHO, obesity has more than doubled since 1980 [1]. The reality, however, is that most of the world’s population live in places where overweight and obesity kill more people than underweight. In 2016, more than a third of adults worldwide were classified as overweight or living with obesity, as were 41 million children younger than 5 years [2].

Case Report Open Access

Primary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Bladder – A Rare Diagnostic Entity

Prachi, Gaurav Sharma

A 75-year-old male patient presented with gross haematuria and pelvic pain since a month. He is a chronic smoker with 40-pack year index. His family history is insignificant. Ultrasonography showed 2 × 2 cm broad based solid heteroechoic mass along the left lateral wall of urinary bladder.

Review Article Open Access

Faecal Microbiota Transplantation as Primary Treatment for Clostridioidoes difficile Infection-evidence for Change

Sibasish Dolai, John Ng, Sabine Hazan, Vic Dawson, Thomas J Borody

Clostridioides difficile is an anaerobic spore-forming gram positive bacillus that infects the gut microbiota leading to gastrointestinal disease with varied severities ranging from self-limiting diarrhea to life-threatening pseudomembranous colitis,

Review Article Open Access

Can Early Home administration of Azithromycin with Zinc Help Prevent Severe COVID-19 Disease Progression and Long-COVID?

Philippe Lepere, Bruno Escarguel, Selda Yolartiran, Claude Escarguel

The novel SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the Betacoronavirus family and contains a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome. Similar to the two other coronaviruses, SARSCoV- 1 and MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 is also likely to have originated in bats, which serve as established reservoirs for various pathogenic coronaviruses [1]. Although it is still unconfirmed, the most commonly admitted hypothesis suggests that SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted from bats to humans via an unidentified intermediate host species (zoonotic transmission).

Commentary Open Access

Identification of Laryngotracheal Stenosis During Weaning from Tracheostomy – A Clinical Conundrum

Musie T Tsehaye, Eileen Kelly, Amanda Jane Thomas

Tracheostomy insertion is a common procedure used to support weaning from mechanical ventilation or following head and neck surgery. Resolution of the clinical need for tracheostomy is followed by a process of tracheostomy weaning and subsequent decannulation.

Case Report Open Access

Verruciform Xanthoma of the Tongue: Case Report and Review of Literature

Garima Rawat, Hema Malini Aiyer

Verruciform xanthoma is an uncommon benign mucocutaneous lesion that has a verruciform (wart-like) appearance. It was first described by Shafer in the year 1971 affecting the oral mucosa. The most common site for verruciform xanthoma is the oral mucosa of the gingiva and alveolar mucosa. Extraoral verruciform xanthoma is extremely uncommon.

Research Article Open Access

The Silencing of Casein Kinase I Attenuated Neuromuscular Impairment in a Preclinical Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Sergio Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Bastien Caumes, Chantal Cazevieille

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disease, which results in the destruction of upper and/or lower motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. It usually affects people between 40 and 60-year-old and the average survival from onset to death is 3–4 years [1].

Commentary Open Access

News About the Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Functions, Therapy and Protection from COVID-19

Jacopo Meldolesi

The present Commentary is a critical follow-up of a previous review about “Extracellular vesicles, news about their role in immune cells: physiology, pathology and diseases”, appeared in Clinical and Experimental Immunology last June 2019 [1].

Case Report Open Access

Adenosarcoma of Uterus with Sarcomatous Overgrowth and Rhabdomyoblastic Differentiation - A Rare Pathological Entity

Gaurav Sharma, Prachi

Uterine adenosarcoma is a rare malignancy. It is defined as a biphasic tumor composed of both sarcomatous stroma and benign epithelial components. When the sarcomatous component occupies more than 25 % of the tumor then it is referred to as the sarcomatous overgrowth which accounts to about 10% of uterine adenosarcoma cases [1].

Research Article Open Access

Epidemiologic, Clinical, and Biological Characteristics of Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma in Martinique (1983- 2013)

Plumelle Yves, Michel Stephane, Delaunay Christine, Kone Moumouni, Meniane Jean-Côme, Christian Derancourt, Merle Harold, Molinié Vincent, Panelatti Gérard

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) was first described in the Southwest islands of Japan in 1977 [1]. Then, the HTLV-1 (human T-lymphotropic virustype 1) was isolated in the United States in 1981 in two patients, one with mycosis fungoïdes and the other with Sezary syndrome [2,3], which have been consequently renamed.

Research Article Open Access

Impact on Microbiology Laboratory Turnaround Times Following Process Improvements and Total Laboratory Automation

Carolyn Gonzalez-Ortiz, Alanna Emrick, Ying P. Tabak, Latha Vankeepuram, Stephen Kurt, David Sellers, Megan Wimmer, Caitlin Asjes, Suhaireirene Suady Barake, Jacob Nichols, Fatma Levent

Total laboratory automation (TLA) involves the integration of pre- and post-analytical processes through incorporation of multiple, modular systems to perform different tests, on diverse matrices, within the clinical microbiology laboratory, and typically consists of automation for plating, incubation,

Research Article Open Access

Antifungal Effects of PC945, a Novel Inhaled Triazole, on Candida albicans Pulmonary Infection in Immunocompromised Mice

Yuki Nishimoto, Kazuhiro Ito, Genki Kimura, Kirstie A. Lucas, Leah Daly, Pete Strong, Yasuo Kizawa

Candida spp. are often detected from fungal cultures or mycobiome analysis of respiratory secretions, but are not usually treated since, even if detected persistently, the presence is assumed to be benign colonization unless invasive candidiasis in deeply immunocompromised subjects is suspected.

Commentary Open Access

Mechanistic and Translational Advances Using iPSC-Derived Blood Cells

Christopher S Thom, Stella T Chou, Deborah L French

The human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology was developed more than ten years ago and has provided important tools for the mechanistic and cellular interrogation of many diseases [1]. To generate iPSC lines, somatic cells are reprogrammed into cells resembling embryonic stem cells by the overexpression of key transcription factors.

Research Article Open Access

Succinate Accumulation Links Mitochondrial MnSOD Depletion to Aberrant Nuclear DNA Methylation and Altered Cell Fate

Kimberly L. Cramer-Morales, Collin D. Heer, Kranti A. Mapuskar, Frederick E.Domann

Epigenetic processes provide a mechanism for integrating metabolic inputs and translating them into various phenotypic outputs [1,2]. Indeed, epigenetic modifiers often require or are inhibited by key citric acid cycle (CAC) metabolites (e.g. succinate,

Review Article Open Access

Acellular Dermal Matrix in Prosthetic Breast Reconstructive Surgery with Prepectoral Technique: A Literature Review

Capuano I, Bernardini R, Varvaras D, Mattei M

Breast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, with an incidence of 2.088.850 and a mortality rate of 627,000. Incidence and mortality rate in Europe were 522,513 and 92,000, respectively, while in Italy accounted for 53,000 diagnoses and 12,000 deaths.

Case Report Open Access

Liposarcoma of Laryngeal Vallecula

Garima Rawat, Hema Malini Aiyer

Liposarcoma (LS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma (20% of the tumors in adults). This neoplasm was first described by Virchow in 1857 and has been well documented thereafter. Liposarcoma is a common soft tissue malignant tumor and is often found in the lower extremities and retro peritoneum. Only about 5.6% of liposarcomas are found in the head and neck and most of these tumors arise from the soft tissues of the neck [1-3].

Commentary Open Access

The Clinicopathological and Genetic Characteristics of High-grade Gliomas with Histone H3.3 G34 Mutation in Teenagers and Young adults

Yuanyuan Cheng

Chromatin is composed of nucleosomes, with each nucleosome consisting of an octamer of two copies each of histones H₃, H₄, H_2A, and H_2B. Chromatin is critical for the control of transcription, replication, DNA repair and other aspects of genomic stability.

Commentary Open Access

Pancytopenia: An Update

Subhashish Das

Peripheral pancytopenia is not a disease by itself; rather it describes simultaneous presence of anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia resulting from a number of disease processes.

Short Communication Open Access

A New Player in an Old Story: FBXO16 Prevents Breast Cancer Tumorigenesis through Disrupting Cellular Function of Nuclear β-Catenin

Debasish Paul, Srikanth Rapole, Manas Kumar Santra

β-Catenin is the central modulator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Upon Wnt on state, β-Catenin is translocated to the nucleus and function as a transcription coactivator for several oncogenes. In Wnt off state, β-catenin is mostly localized in the cytoplasm and sequestered by the destruction complex, the negative regulator of β-catenin expression [2,3].

Mini Review Open Access

Application of Encapsulated Probiotics in Health Care

Esmat Alemzadeh, Ahmad Oryan

Probiotics are generally defined as nonpathogenic living organisms that have beneficial effects on host health. The term “probiotic” means “for life” that is derived from Greek language. At first, probiotics was defined as substances that are produced with microorganisms and promote the other microorganisms.

Commentary Open Access

Arid5a Inroads to Immunity, Inflammation, and Cancer

Kishan Kumar Nyati, Tadamitsu Kishimoto

The immune system is essential to host defense because it senses attacking pathogens and elicits protective immune responses. Although immune responses can protect against pathogens, uncontrolled immune responses cause tissue damage and other pathological consequences through their inflammatory mediators. 

Review Article Open Access

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Liver Biopsy; the Pathologist’s Perspective

Naren Nallapeta, Deepthi Rao, Ahmad H. Ali, Neal Sharma, Jamal A. Ibdah, Ghassan M. Hammoud

In this study, the safety and efficacy of liver biopsies performed by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS-LB) were compared with those performed via the traditional percutaneous route at our Medical Center between January 2018 and August 2019.