Continuous spikes during slow wave sleep (CSWS) syndrome is an age-related and self-limited severe epileptic encephalopathy characterized by electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES) on electroencephalogram, seizures, and developmental regression

Rheumatic diseases are one of the most common problems in modern societies. The majority of rheumatic diseases occur when the human immune system attacks its own tissues, including the joints. There is no single cause of rheumatic diseases. Sometimes it may be a genetic factor, but in other cases cigarette smoking is responsible for the disease, or pollution, or other factors such as an infection. Seidman and Limaiem claim that “synovial fluid aspiration and analysis is a necessary therapeutic and diagnostic procedure useful in alleviating pain from a joint effusion and in the diagnosis of potentially serious joint pathologies.”

Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is one of the most common rheumatic diseases with a global incidence of 50 to 70 cases per million people and the prevalence of 500 cases per one million people resulted in significant functional disabilities in 6.2% of cases [1].

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus transmitted by mosquitoes that causes debilitating arthritis. In a cohort of 500 Colombian patients, one quarter reported joint pain 20 months after infection, and further, 1 out of 8 had joint pain three years after infection.

Sleep is an evolutionarily conserved phenomenon which has survived tremendous evolutionary pressures. Its disruption has deleterious implications for human health. The importance of sleep is illustrated by the fact that sleep deprivation in many animals leads to death. While sleep is tightly regulated by a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors it becomes progressively disrupted in old age and in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Huntington’s disease (HD).