Abstract
Introduction: Cervical Cancer (CC) in Brazil is the fourth leading cause of death for malignant neoplasms in female population, being expected to 16,370 new cases for the biennium 2018-2019. Objective: To identify factors associated with the presence of cytopathological changes of the cervix, HIV and/or syphilis in women who performed the Pap Smear (PS) at Family Health Unit (FHU) San Martin, in Salvador-BA, 09 March 2015 to 2018.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of 150 participants. After application of a questionnaire, there was conducted clinical examination of the breast and gynecological and rapid tests for diagnosis of syphilis and HIV types 1 and 2. The bivariate analysis was made by associating each one of the independent variables with the outcome, through contingency tables (Chi-square test and when necessary, the Fisher’s exact test). The estimates were obtained with Prevalence Ratio (PR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI 95%) and p values. Mean differences were estimated through Student’s t-test. The goodness of the test was estimated by ratio of maximum likelihood (p = 0.05).
Results: There were 11.33% of women with injury and 88.67% without injury. The group with injury (n=17) presented the worst values in relation to the use of the cigarette (17.65% vs 3.76%) and clinical examination in breast change issues (17.65% vs 4.51%) and unloading (11.76% vs papillary 1.50%), in comparison to the group without precursor lesion pro CC, statistically significant (p = 0.05). 5 cases were positive for syphilis (3.33%), and no case of HIV types 1 and 2.
Discussion: The study confirmed risk factors for injury precursors of CC, such as smoking and mammary changes, as well as how much research related to diverged condom use and reducing the risk of injury and the likely Association with Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI). Conclusion: There was detected a low percentage of women lesions for the CC (11.33%), that were not associated with syphilis and HIV types 1 and 2, but were correlated the expected factors like mammary changes and smoking. The reorganization of actions of active search of women with risk factors for CC for the EP can culminate in the reduction of this cancer.
Keywords
Pap smear, Precursor lesion, Cervical cancer