Journal of Experimental Pathology

Until the end of last century, the origin and development of cancers were mostly attributed to the proliferation of their active cells, operative in collaboration with non-cancer cells of the patients. In particular, an important role was attributed to cells now recognized as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), first considered a few decades ago. Initially, however, the role attributed to these cells was only limited.

The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is an endemic human herpesvirus, with 90% of people demonstrating serological evidence of prior exposure to EBV. In most cases, primary infections of EBV generate mild or asymptomatic clinical courses, but may present as infectious mononucleosis if contracted during young adulthood. In a small percentage of cases, Epstein- Barr virus infection may manifest as a noncanonical reaction, yielding a wide variety of clinical manifestations.

Cervical cancer (CC) is a health condition faced by women, and affects mainly developed countries [1,2]. According to the world estimate of 570 thousand new cases, cervix cancer is on the fourth place of most frequent cases, representing 3.2% of all cancer types, and is also on the fourth place regarding mortality [1]. The 2018 estimate was 311,365 deaths worldwide. This corresponds to an estimated risk of 15.1 per thousand women [3,4].

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines have gained international acceptance and have been proven to be safe and effective [1,2]. In a study of 3,950 frontline healthcare workers with no previous laboratory documentation of COVID-19 [3],

According to the WHO, obesity has more than doubled since 1980 [1]. The reality, however, is that most of the world’s population live in places where overweight and obesity kill more people than underweight. In 2016, more than a third of adults worldwide were classified as overweight or living with obesity, as were 41 million children younger than 5 years [2].

Candida spp. are often detected from fungal cultures or mycobiome analysis of respiratory secretions, but are not usually treated since, even if detected persistently, the presence is assumed to be benign colonization unless invasive candidiasis in deeply immunocompromised subjects is suspected.

The cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala are among the brain regions where estrogens may act to improve cognition, memory and mood. In these regions, estrogens have many beneficial effects, including neuroprotection, neurogenesis, as well as neurotrophic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects [1-2].

The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is an endemic human herpesvirus, with 90% of people demonstrating serological evidence of prior exposure to EBV. In most cases, primary infections of EBV generate mild or asymptomatic clinical courses, but may present as infectious mononucleosis if contracted during young adulthood. In a small percentage of cases, Epstein- Barr virus infection may manifest as a noncanonical reaction, yielding a wide variety of clinical manifestations.

Tracheostomy insertion is a common procedure used to support weaning from mechanical ventilation or following head and neck surgery. Resolution of the clinical need for tracheostomy is followed by a process of tracheostomy weaning and subsequent decannulation.

Uterine adenosarcoma is a rare malignancy. It is defined as a biphasic tumor composed of both sarcomatous stroma and benign epithelial components. When the sarcomatous component occupies more than 25 % of the tumor then it is referred to as the sarcomatous overgrowth which accounts to about 10% of uterine adenosarcoma cases [1].

Candida spp. are often detected from fungal cultures or mycobiome analysis of respiratory secretions, but are not usually treated since, even if detected persistently, the presence is assumed to be benign colonization unless invasive candidiasis in deeply immunocompromised subjects is suspected.

Probiotics are generally defined as nonpathogenic living organisms that have beneficial effects on host health. The term “probiotic” means “for life” that is derived from Greek language. At first, probiotics was defined as substances that are produced with microorganisms and promote the other microorganisms.

Until the end of last century, the origin and development of cancers were mostly attributed to the proliferation of their active cells, operative in collaboration with non-cancer cells of the patients. In particular, an important role was attributed to cells now recognized as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), first considered a few decades ago. Initially, however, the role attributed to these cells was only limited.

Vascular anomalies are quite common lesions. They are frequently encountered in the pediatric population, being present at birth or developing later, during infancy, childhood, or adolescence. Most of these lesions are benign. Nevertheless, even benign lesions may exhibit significant morbidity without idoneous management [1].

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccines have gained international acceptance and have been proven to be safe and effective [1,2]. In a study of 3,950 frontline healthcare workers with no previous laboratory documentation of COVID-19 [3],

The present Commentary is a critical follow-up of a previous review about “Extracellular vesicles, news about their role in immune cells: physiology, pathology and diseases”, appeared in Clinical and Experimental Immunology last June 2019 [1].

The human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology was developed more than ten years ago and has provided important tools for the mechanistic and cellular interrogation of many diseases [1]. To generate iPSC lines, somatic cells are reprogrammed into cells resembling embryonic stem cells by the overexpression of key transcription factors.

Epigenetic processes provide a mechanism for integrating metabolic inputs and translating them into various phenotypic outputs [1,2]. Indeed, epigenetic modifiers often require or are inhibited by key citric acid cycle (CAC) metabolites (e.g. succinate,