Journal of Experimental Pathology

In this study, the safety and efficacy of liver biopsies performed by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS-LB) were compared with those performed via the traditional percutaneous route at our Medical Center between January 2018 and August 2019.

The immune system is essential to host defense because it senses attacking pathogens and elicits protective immune responses. Although immune responses can protect against pathogens, uncontrolled immune responses cause tissue damage and other pathological consequences through their inflammatory mediators. 

Probiotics are generally defined as nonpathogenic living organisms that have beneficial effects on host health. The term “probiotic” means “for life” that is derived from Greek language. At first, probiotics was defined as substances that are produced with microorganisms and promote the other microorganisms.

β-Catenin is the central modulator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Upon Wnt on state, β-Catenin is translocated to the nucleus and function as a transcription coactivator for several oncogenes. In Wnt off state, β-catenin is mostly localized in the cytoplasm and sequestered by the destruction complex, the negative regulator of β-catenin expression [2,3].

Peripheral pancytopenia is not a disease by itself; rather it describes simultaneous presence of anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia resulting from a number of disease processes.

Chromatin is composed of nucleosomes, with each nucleosome consisting of an octamer of two copies each of histones H₃, H₄, H_2A, and H_2B. Chromatin is critical for the control of transcription, replication, DNA repair and other aspects of genomic stability.

Liposarcoma (LS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma (20% of the tumors in adults). This neoplasm was first described by Virchow in 1857 and has been well documented thereafter. Liposarcoma is a common soft tissue malignant tumor and is often found in the lower extremities and retro peritoneum. Only about 5.6% of liposarcomas are found in the head and neck and most of these tumors arise from the soft tissues of the neck [1-3].

Breast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, with an incidence of 2.088.850 and a mortality rate of 627,000. Incidence and mortality rate in Europe were 522,513 and 92,000, respectively, while in Italy accounted for 53,000 diagnoses and 12,000 deaths.

Epigenetic processes provide a mechanism for integrating metabolic inputs and translating them into various phenotypic outputs [1,2]. Indeed, epigenetic modifiers often require or are inhibited by key citric acid cycle (CAC) metabolites (e.g. succinate,

The human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology was developed more than ten years ago and has provided important tools for the mechanistic and cellular interrogation of many diseases [1]. To generate iPSC lines, somatic cells are reprogrammed into cells resembling embryonic stem cells by the overexpression of key transcription factors.

Candida spp. are often detected from fungal cultures or mycobiome analysis of respiratory secretions, but are not usually treated since, even if detected persistently, the presence is assumed to be benign colonization unless invasive candidiasis in deeply immunocompromised subjects is suspected.

Total laboratory automation (TLA) involves the integration of pre- and post-analytical processes through incorporation of multiple, modular systems to perform different tests, on diverse matrices, within the clinical microbiology laboratory, and typically consists of automation for plating, incubation,

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) was first described in the Southwest islands of Japan in 1977 [1]. Then, the HTLV-1 (human T-lymphotropic virustype 1) was isolated in the United States in 1981 in two patients, one with mycosis fungoïdes and the other with Sezary syndrome [2,3], which have been consequently renamed.

Uterine adenosarcoma is a rare malignancy. It is defined as a biphasic tumor composed of both sarcomatous stroma and benign epithelial components. When the sarcomatous component occupies more than 25 % of the tumor then it is referred to as the sarcomatous overgrowth which accounts to about 10% of uterine adenosarcoma cases [1].

The present Commentary is a critical follow-up of a previous review about “Extracellular vesicles, news about their role in immune cells: physiology, pathology and diseases”, appeared in Clinical and Experimental Immunology last June 2019 [1].

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disease, which results in the destruction of upper and/or lower motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. It usually affects people between 40 and 60-year-old and the average survival from onset to death is 3–4 years [1].

Verruciform xanthoma is an uncommon benign mucocutaneous lesion that has a verruciform (wart-like) appearance. It was first described by Shafer in the year 1971 affecting the oral mucosa. The most common site for verruciform xanthoma is the oral mucosa of the gingiva and alveolar mucosa. Extraoral verruciform xanthoma is extremely uncommon.

Tracheostomy insertion is a common procedure used to support weaning from mechanical ventilation or following head and neck surgery. Resolution of the clinical need for tracheostomy is followed by a process of tracheostomy weaning and subsequent decannulation.

The novel SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the Betacoronavirus family and contains a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome. Similar to the two other coronaviruses, SARSCoV- 1 and MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 is also likely to have originated in bats, which serve as established reservoirs for various pathogenic coronaviruses [1]. Although it is still unconfirmed, the most commonly admitted hypothesis suggests that SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted from bats to humans via an unidentified intermediate host species (zoonotic transmission).

Clostridioides difficile is an anaerobic spore-forming gram positive bacillus that infects the gut microbiota leading to gastrointestinal disease with varied severities ranging from self-limiting diarrhea to life-threatening pseudomembranous colitis,