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Archives of Medical Case Reports
ISSN: 2691-7971
Volume 5, Issue 1, p1-43
Articles published in this issue are Open Access and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY NC) where the readers can reuse, download, distribute the article in whole or part by mentioning proper credits to the authors.
Transient Right Bundle Branch Block with S1Q3T3 Pattern in Pulmonary Embolism
A 69-year-old woman with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, sleep apnea, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and recent knee replacement was brought to the emergency room (ER) for syncope. She had her physiotherapy session earlier in the day and became symptomatic with dizziness, shortness of breath and had loss of consciousness.
Arch Med Case Rep, 2023, Volume 5, Issue 1, p1-4 | DOI: 10.33696/casereports.4.019Bannayan Zonana Syndrome: An Unusual Cause of Intussusception and Protein Losing Enteropathy in a Child
Bannayan-Zonana syndrome (BRRS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by macrocephaly, numerous soft tissue and visceral hamartomas, and lipomas. Because of the risk of fatal bleeding and visceral neoplasia in adulthood, recognizing this disease is critical.
Arch Med Case Rep, 2023, Volume 5, Issue 1, p5-9 | DOI: 10.33696/casereports.4.020Case Report on Ogilvie Syndrome in a Non-Surgical Candidate
Ogilvie syndrome, also known as “paralytic ileus of the colon,” is characterized by pseudo- obstruction of the colon without any component of mechanical obstruction; and presents as a massively distended abdomen. If left untreated, it carries a high risk of colonic perforation and ischemia leading to death.
Arch Med Case Rep, 2023, Volume 5, Issue 1, p10-14 | DOI: 10.33696/casereports.4.021Endovascular Management of Vascular Closure Device (VCD) Thrombotic Complications
Percutaneous coronary angiography and interventions have become essential diagnostic and therapeutic tools in coronary artery disease management. Vascular closure devices were introduced in the early 1990s. They provided a safe, reliable, and efficient method to achieve puncture site hemostasis. Collagen-based vascular closure devices are frequently used modalities.
Arch Med Case Rep, 2023, Volume 5, Issue 1, p15-17 | DOI: 10.33696/casereports.4.022Small Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix: A Case Report and Literature Review
Cervical small cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare disease, with a high degree of malignancy and a poor prognosis. Para-aortic lymph nodes (PALN) are frequent sites of recurrence after pelvic chemoradiotherapy. In the present study, we report the case of a 26-year-old female patient with cervical SCC who suffered for two times PALN relapses.
Arch Med Case Rep, 2023, Volume 5, Issue 1, p18-23 | DOI: 10.33696/casereports.4.023Two Cases of Burkitt Lymphoma Presenting as Solid Ovarian Masses
Endemic Burkitt lymphoma has been associated with the Epstein Barr Virus (EBV), particularly in malaria-endemic regions. Primary ovarian Burkitt is an infrequent entity of this disease, and its diagnosis still poses a challenge.
Arch Med Case Rep, 2023, Volume 5, Issue 1, p24-29 | DOI: 10.33696/casereports.4.024Primary Spinal Cord Haemorrhage during COVID-19 Illness: A Novel Addition to the Endless Spectrum of Neurological Manifestations?
Since its discovery in December 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV2), coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has opened up a pandora’s box and put the entire health-care industry globally under trial by fire. Neurological manifestations of it started becoming apparent in first few months and as of now we are still facing never-ending gamut of central nervous system (CNS) disorders related to SARS-COV-2 infection.
Arch Med Case Rep, 2023, Volume 5, Issue 1, p30-33 | DOI: 10.33696/casereports.4.025Case Report of Pulmonary Embolism with Right Ventricular Strain in a Young Female
Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is when one or more thrombus travel to the lungs and obstruct the pulmonary artery or one of the branches of the pulmonary tree, producing signs and symptoms immediately after the obstruction. Saddle pulmonary embolism (SPE) is a rare type of acute PE that can lead to hemodynamic instability and death. The incidence of pulmonary embolism increases with age. In women, the risk of PE increases with pregnancy, hormonal contraceptives, and hormone replacement therapy.
Arch Med Case Rep, 2023, Volume 5, Issue 1, p34-37 | DOI: 10.33696/casereports.4.026Resolution of Osborn Waves after the Complete Resolution of Spontaneous Pneumothorax in a Normothermic Patient
We report a case of Osborn waves occurring in a 55-year-old normothermic male patient with spontaneous pneumothorax that resolved with the resolution of the pneumothorax. The patient was presented with a 2 week history of shortness of breath, pleuritic chest pain, and cough. He was found to have a left sided pneumothorax that persisted even after chest tube placement.
Arch Med Case Rep, 2023, Volume 5, Issue 1, p38-40 | DOI: 10.33696/casereports.5.027Colchicine Intoxication Subsequent to an Autolytic Attempt with Positive Evolution
Background and objectives: Colchicine is a drug that has been used to treat gout for several centuries, it is also indicated in certain autoimmune diseases and has been tested as a chemotherapeutic. Only a few cases of intoxication by this drug have been described, but it is known that it has a narrow therapeutic margin (0.5 to 0.8 mg/kg), almost always resulting in fatal results above these limits.
Arch Med Case Rep, 2023, Volume 5, Issue 1, p41-43 | DOI: 10.33696/casereports.5.028pMB FLASH - Status and Perspectives of Combining Proton Minibeam with FLASH Radiotherapy
Proton minibeam radiotherapy (pMBRT) is an external beam radiotherapy method with reduced side effects by taking advantage of spatial fractionation in the normal tissue. Due to scattering, the delivered small beams widen in the tissue ensuring a homogeneous dose distribution in the tumor. In this review, the physical and biological principles regarding dose distribution and healing effects are explained. In the last decade, several preclinical studies have been conducted addressing normal tissue sparing and tumor control in-vitro and in-vivo, using human skin tissue and mouse or rat models. The major results acquired in these studies are summarized. A further newly emerging therapy method is FLASH radiotherapy, i.e. the treatment using ultra-high dose rates. The possibility of combining these methods in proton minibeam FLASH therapy (pMB FLASH) is worked out. Additionally, technical feasibility and limitations will be discussed by looking at simulations as well as preclinical studies and also pointing out new ways of delivering the desired tumor dose, such as interlacing. We will also highlight the opportunities that emerge regarding high dose radiation, hypofractionation and the combination with immunotherapy.
Gender Disparities in Outcomes Following Pulmonary Embolism Treatment in the Intensive Care Unit; A Multi-center Retrospective Cohort Study
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blockage of blood flow in the pulmonary artery bed that can result in a life-threatening and potentially reversible right ventricular failure [1]. PE remains one of the leading causes of poor prognosis and death, particularly when a shock or right ventricular failure occurs [2]. According to studies, PE is generally manifested in a nonspecific manner
Development of HPV 16/18 E6 Oncoprotein Paperbased Nanokit for Enhanced Detection of HPV 16/18 E6 Oncoprotein in Cervical Cancer Screening
According to global cancer statistics GLOBOCAN, carcinoma of cervix is ranked as the fourth most common malignancy among women worldwide with an estimation of 570,000 cases and 311,000 deaths in 2018. It is the second most common female malignancy in Lowand- Middle Income Countries (LMICs). In Kenya, the prevalence is 25 cases per 100,000 women. Approximately 75% cases of cervical cancer are caused by persistent infections of the cervical mucosal epithelium with carcinogenic types of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) mainly 16 and 18.
Machine Learning for Healthcare: Emerging Challenges and Opportunities in Disease Diagnosis
Diagnosis is a process that identifies, explains, or establishes the individual’s disease from its symptoms and signs. Early and precise diagnosis is crucial since it influences the efficacy of treatment and avoids longterm complications for the infected person. Further, in the case of infectious diseases, undiagnosed patients can transmit the disease to a healthy population unknowingly. Besides, most of the diseases evolve with the time that significantly affects the clinical outcomes.
Energy Expenditure and Nutrition in Neurogenic Obesity following Spinal Cord Injury
Worldwide, obesity is a public health concern and a metabolic ailment characterized by excessive adipose tissue accumulation resulting from an imbalance of energy expenditure and energy intake [1]. This disorder is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and metabolic
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Fertility Sparing Surgery in Stage 1B2 Cervical Cancer
In 2020 we published a series of 18 patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and vaginal radical trachelectomy (VRT) as a fertility sparing alternative in stage 1B2 cervical cancer.
Long-Term Use of Oral Bisphosphonates and Fracture Risk in Men with Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
Lower extremity fractures in individuals with a spinal cord injury (SCI) cause significant morbidity [1] and contribute to excess mortality [2]. Early identification of persons at highest risk for fracture is possible using bone mineral density (BMD) testing by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) imaging
Cortical Visual Impairment (CVI): An Atypical Manifestation of Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome in a Child
Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome (ODS) is a unique process of selective demyelination and destruction of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in specific areas of the brain that usually occurs a few days after an osmotic stress. ODS has been described most frequently in association with a rapid correction of hyponatremia, though it may occur with other electrolyte or metabolic abnormalities.
Purinergic System and Cervical Cancer: Perspectives
We have recently published an article entitled “Purinergic signaling and tumor microenvironment in cervical Cancer”. In this paper, we reviewed the last studies about purinergic signaling and cervical cancer, highlighting the intrinsic factors related to the inflammatory process, such as extracellular nucleotides and adenosine - components of the purinergic system.
Autism – A Potential Autoimmune Disease Neurodegeneration-Induced Autoantibodies against Neural Proteins
We hypothesize that maternal neurodegeneration, resulting from a chemical, infectious or physical brain injury event, can be causative in the development of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Following a maternal brain injury event before or during gestation, maternal neural proteins escape the breached blood brain barrier (BBB), triggering the formation of IgG autoantibodies.
Commentary on: Echocardiography in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Is It Time to Reconsider Its Prognostic Utility?
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) represents a rare but devastating disease due to small pulmonary arterial vessels remodelling and increased pulmonary vascular resistance leading to right ventricular dysfunction, right heart failure and death.
Cervical Cancer Prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa and HPV Vaccination Policy: A Public Health Grand Challenge?
“Women are not dying because of diseases we cannot treat. They are dying because societies have yet to make the decision that their lives are worth saving.”
CD146-Positive Tumors are Associated with Venous Thromboembolism
The role of CD146 and its soluble form have been intensely reviewed in the processes of cancer and inflammation. However, how CD146 is linked to coagulation and thrombotic events remains unclear. The aim of this paper is to shed light on this topic and clarify the contribution of CD146 as a procoagulant factor.
Autoantibodies in Overlapping Systemic Sclerosis and Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Autoimmune Diseases
Anticentromere antibodies (ACA) are considered an important diagnostic marker of scleroderma or systemic sclerosis (SSc), being CENP-B the major centromere auto-antigen recognized by sera from SSc patients. However, ACA can also be detected in patients with other connective tissue diseases. Significantly the prevalence of organ-specific antibodies in SSc patients is relatively high.
Quality of Cervical Cancer Screening at a Family Health Unit in Salvador-BA
Cytopathological examination (CE) is the main method for early identification of cervical cancer (CC) and its precursor lesions. Also known as Papanicolau, according to [1], it is recognized as a fast, low cost, and effective for detection, although its vulnerability for collection bias, plate preparation and its interpretation.
Epidemiological Profile and Clinical Conditions of Women with or without Precursor Lesion for Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer (CC) is a health condition faced by women, and affects mainly developed countries [1,2]. According to the world estimate of 570 thousand new cases, cervix cancer is on the fourth place of most frequent cases, representing 3.2% of all cancer types, and is also on the fourth place regarding mortality [1]. The 2018 estimate was 311,365 deaths worldwide. This corresponds to an estimated risk of 15.1 per thousand women [3,4].
A Rodent Lumbosacral Spinal Cord Injury Model Reflecting Neurological and Urological Deficits of Humans
Spinal cord injury (SCI) to the terminal segments of the spinal cord causes severe disruption of the neural circuitry of the bladder, resulting in neurogenic underactive bladder (nUAB). We developed a rodent lumbosacral injury model to investigate the effects of bladder function and structure.
Colchicine in COVID-19 —The Colcorona Trial
Colcorona was a multicenter, international study promoted by the Montreal Heart Institute, Canada, whose main objective was to test the effects of colchicine in non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19. So far, the majority of studies addressed hospitalized patients which is understandable since mortality occurs mainly among those individuals.
B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with a Normal Platelet Count, Presenting as a Limp in a 2-year-old Child
Limping in children is a common complaint made at pediatric, pediatric orthopedic and in emergency departments. It is defined as a deviation from the normal gait pattern expected for the child’s age. Especially in young children, the ambiguities in the signs and symptoms necessitate extensive investigations to enable a reliable medical assessment for the etiological dilemma of limping.
Multiple Myeloma with Neutrophilia: Two Etiologic Pathways for a Rare Presentation of a Common Diagnosis
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematologic malignancy, with 32,110 new cases diagnosed in the United States in 2019, resulting in 12,960 deaths. While neutrophilia
is also a common entity, it most often arises secondary to other etiologies, such as infection or inflammatory processes.
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