Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome (ODS) is a unique process of selective demyelination and destruction of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in specific areas of the brain that usually occurs a few days after an osmotic stress [1]. ODS has been described most frequently in association with a rapid correction of hyponatremia, though it may occur with other electrolyte or metabolic abnormalities.

Limping in children is a common complaint made at pediatric, pediatric orthopedic and in emergency departments. It is defined as a deviation from the normal gait pattern expected for the child’s age.  Especially in young children, the ambiguities in the signs and symptoms necessitate extensive investigations to enable a reliable medical assessment for the etiological dilemma of limping.

Bannayan-Zonana syndrome (BRRS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by macrocephaly, numerous soft tissue and visceral hamartomas, and lipomas. Because of the risk of fatal bleeding and visceral neoplasia in adulthood, recognizing this disease is critical.