Journal of Cellular Immunology

Review Article Open Access

A Review of the Possibility of Nafamostat Mesylate in COVID-19 Treatment

Ji-Young Rhee

Nafamostat mesylate is a synthetic serine protease inhibitor, which inhibits various enzyme systems such as coagulation and fibrinolytic systems, the kallikrein–kinin system, the complement system, and the activation of protease-activated receptors. It also inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production, apoptosis, and interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 levels in cultured human trophoblasts.

Mini Review Open Access

Gene Knock-in Strategy for Engineered T-cell Therapy

Qianqian Gao, Renpeng Ding, Cheng-Chi Chao

Genetically engineered T-cell therapy holds great potential for the curative treatment across a series of cancers. However, drug-related safety concerns need to be addressed in the emerging medicine of the future. T cells are engineered through conventional methods like lentivirus, retrovirus or transposon, which randomly integrate exogenous gene cassette into T cell genome, accompanied by the risks of transcriptional silencing, oncogenesis, and variegated transgene expression.

Short Communication Open Access

Role of BCG in Reduction of the Spread and Severity of COVID-19

Amit Raj Sharma, Ankita Semwal, Gitika Batra, Mukesh Kumar, Manisha Prajapat, Ashutosh Singh, Rahul Soloman Singh, Bikash Medhi

The COVID-19 has started from China and spread to all countries within a very short period. The severity of the disease varies from one patient to another as well as one country to another. It depends on the immune status of individuals simultaneously on the quality of the environment and customs of a particular country.

Commentary Open Access

COVID-19, the Immune System, and Neurological Damage

Sayed Ausim Azizi

The Germ Theory of Disease was solidified in the 19^th century by Louise Pasteur and Robert Koch. They systematically visualized, isolated, and quantified microscopic pathogens as causative agents of diseases and epidemics. Viruses are submicroscopic; therefore, they were discovered later as pathogens by indirect methods.

Commentary Open Access

The Interplay between Transcription Factor SALL4 and Histone Modifiers in Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

Hiro Tatetsu, Daniel G. Tenen, Li Chai

Currently, there is a growing need for culturing hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) ex vivo for various clinical applications such as HSPC transplantation and gene therapy. For many patients with hematologic, genetic, and immune diseases, HSPC transplants can be a life-saving treatment. There are over 20,000 patients in the US receiving HSPC transplantation yearly.

Commentary Open Access

The Role of Quantification of Glucocorticoid-associated Toxicity in Severe Asthma

PJ McDowell, JH Stone, LG Heaney

Until recently, oral glucocorticoid (GC) therapies were the mainstay of treatment for uncontrolled inflammatory disease across many body systems. The last 30 years, however, have witnessed a transformation in the management of many diseases due to the development of targeted biological agents leading to a reduction, albeit not a removal, of the dependence on oral GCs.

Commentary Open Access

Prospects of JAK Inhibition in the Framework of Bone Loss

Susanne Adam, Georg Schett, Silke Frey

Cytokine receptors may possess an intrinsic capability for the transduction of signals upon engagement by the respective cytokine ligand. However, if they lack an own intracellular signaling entity, they rely on other signaling machineries. One of the key intracellular signaling molecules mediating cytokine effects on immune cells are Janus kinases (JAKs),

Review Article Open Access

The Role of Myeloid Populations during Perinatal Liver Injury and Repair

Anas Alkhani, Sarah Mohamedaly, Amar Nijagal

Perinatal liver inflammation can have life-threatening consequences, particularly in infants and young children. An example of a hepatic inflammatory disease during infancy is biliary atresia (BA), an obliterative cholangiopathy that rapidly progresses to hepatic fibrosis and liver failure.

Commentary Open Access

Insulin-like Growth Factor 2: Beyond its Role in Hippocampal-dependent Memory

Paulina Troncoso-Escudero, Rene L. Vidal

The insulin-like peptides family is composed of insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF2), together with IGF binding proteins (IGFBP1- IGFBP6). IGF2 is a single-chain secreted protein of 67 amino acids with important functions in fetal growth and development. IGF2 is the less characterized member of this family, and in mice and rats its expression in the brain occurs during embryonic development and adulthood but declines during aging.

Review Article Open Access

Role of Perforin-2 in Regulating Type I Interferon Signaling

Gregory V Plano, Noula Shembade

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response caused by a harmful host immune reaction that is activated in response to microbial infections. Infection-induced type I interferons (IFNs) play critical roles during septic shock. Type I IFNs initiate their biological effects by binding to their transmembrane interferon receptors and initiating the phosphorylation and activation of tyrosine kinases TYK2 and JAK1, which promote phosphorylation and activation of STAT molecules.

Review Article Open Access

Teledermatology Before, During, and After COVID-19: A Vital Tool to Improve Access and Equity in Specialty Care

Bina Kassamali, Alice J. Tan, Ellen B. Franciosi, Mehdi Rashighi, Avery LaChance

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine has rapidly expanded across the nation as medical systems have had to shift to providing care through virtual modalities to ensure the safety of patients and staff. Teledermatology, in particular, is wellsuited for telemedicine, with literature supporting its efficacy, equitable quality and accuracy, and cost-effectiveness in comparison to in-person visits.