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Journal of Cellular Immunology
ISSN: 2689-2812
Volume 3, Issue 1, p1-67
Articles published in this issue are Open Access and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY NC) where the readers can reuse, download, distribute the article in whole or part by mentioning proper credits to the authors.
A Review of the Possibility of Nafamostat Mesylate in COVID-19 Treatment
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which started in Wuhan in December 2019, is a pandemic caused by the newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (genus Betacoronavirus, family Coronaviridae).
J Cell Immunol, 2021, Volume 3, Issue 1, p1-7 | DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.069Gene Knock-in Strategy for Engineered T-cell Therapy
Despite the variety of traditional methods available to treat cancer, such as surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, immunotherapy has emerged as an attractive alternative for cancer patients. Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is a rapidly emerging immunotherapy approach, and a subcategory, genetically engineered T cells, which includes chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and T cell receptor (TCR)-modified T cells, has shown promising clinical benefits in treating malignant tumors [1].
J Cell Immunol, 2021, Volume 3, Issue 1, p8-11 | DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.070Role of BCG in Reduction of the Spread and Severity of COVID-19
Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine has existence of more than 80 years with its widest use among all currently available vaccines [1]. BCG vaccine developed from a virulent attenuated M. bovis strain against tuberculosis (TB) by deleting more than 14 different regions in the genome of Mycobacterium [2].
J Cell Immunol, 2021, Volume 3, Issue 1, p12-19 | DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.071COVID-19, the Immune System, and Neurological Damage
The Germ Theory of Disease was solidified in the 19th century by Louise Pasteur and Robert Koch. They systematically visualized, isolated, and quantified microscopic pathogens as causative agents of diseases and epidemics. Viruses are submicroscopic; therefore, they were discovered later as pathogens by indirect methods [1,2].
J Cell Immunol, 2021, Volume 3, Issue 1, p20-25 | DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.072The Interplay between Transcription Factor SALL4 and Histone Modifiers in Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells
Currently, there is a growing need for culturing hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) ex vivo for various clinical applications such as HSPC transplantation and gene therapy. For many patients with hematologic, genetic, and immune diseases, HSPC transplants can be a life-saving treatment. There are over 20,000 patients in the US receiving HSPC transplantation yearly [1].
J Cell Immunol, 2021, Volume 3, Issue 1, p26-30 | DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.073The Role of Quantification of Glucocorticoid-associated Toxicity in Severe Asthma
Until recently, oral glucocorticoid (GC) therapies were the mainstay of treatment for uncontrolled inflammatory disease across many body systems. The last 30 years, however, have witnessed a transformation in the management of many diseases due to the development of targeted biological agents leading to a reduction, albeit not a removal, of the dependence on oral GCs.
J Cell Immunol, 2021, Volume 3, Issue 1, p31-35 | DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.074Prospects of JAK Inhibition in the Framework of Bone Loss
Cytokine receptors may possess an intrinsic capability for the transduction of signals upon engagement by the respective cytokine ligand [1]. However, if they lack an own intracellular signaling entity, they rely on other signaling machineries. One of the key intracellular signaling molecules mediating cytokine effects on immune cells are Janus kinases (JAKs),
J Cell Immunol, 2021, Volume 3, Issue 1, p36-41 | DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.075The Role of Myeloid Populations during Perinatal Liver Injury and Repair
The maturation of the immune system is a complex process that undergoes major transitions during fetal and neonatal development [1]. Throughout this developmental window, the response to liver injury is dependent on the nature and timing of the insult [2].
J Cell Immunol, 2021, Volume 3, Issue 1, p42-45 | DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.076Insulin-like Growth Factor 2: Beyond its Role in Hippocampal-dependent Memory
The insulin-like peptides family is composed of insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF2), together with IGF binding proteins (IGFBP1- IGFBP6) [1]. IGF2 is a single-chain secreted protein of 67 amino acids with important functions in fetal growth and development. IGF2 is the less characterized member of this family, and in mice and rats its expression in the brain occurs during embryonic development and adulthood but declines during aging [2].
J Cell Immunol, 2021, Volume 3, Issue 1, p46-52 | DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.077Role of Perforin-2 in Regulating Type I Interferon Signaling
Type I interferons (IFNs) produced in response to infections with either bacterial, viral or fungal pathogens are critical to induce antimicrobial defenses in infected and adjacent cells to reduce the spread of microbes, initiate communication between innate and adaptive immunity, and to promote the survival of the host [1]. Improper induction or regulation of type I IFN signaling can lead to chronic infection-induced inflammation-related diseases, including septic shock, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory syndromes [2].
J Cell Immunol, 2021, Volume 3, Issue 1, p53-60 | DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.078Teledermatology Before, During, and After COVID-19: A Vital Tool to Improve Access and Equity in Specialty Care
The COVID-19 pandemic has placed unprecedented strains on our medical system as specialties have had to reconsider “essential” in-person services and find novel ways to remotely ensure continuity of care. One such modality of care includes telehealth services, which have experienced a rapid rise in utility with a reported 4,347% increase in telehealth visits from March 2019 to March 2020 [1].
J Cell Immunol, 2021, Volume 3, Issue 1, p61-67 | DOI: doi.org/10.33696/immunology.3.079COVID-19 Clinical Research
While the global COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the entire humanity and health systems, it also triggered researchers to urgently perform clinical trials to assess the safety and efficacy of many agents and modalities to combat COVID-19. As of April 22, over 650 clinical studies have been registered both in USA and internationally. Results from these studies are also coming at a brisk pace in this unprecedented emergency.
Therapeutic Values of Ketamine for COVID-19-Cared Patients: An Expert’s Point of View
Ketamine has long been used in the field of anesthesia [1]. Its rapid and long-acting analgesic effects associated with its dissociative properties have also established its use in prehospital and emergency department patients.
A Bioinformatics Protocol for Rational Design of Peptide Vaccines and the COVID-19 Rampage
The currently ongoing coronavirus pandemic, the SARSCOV- 2, interchangeably referred to as the COVID-19 infection, has in a short span of time altered the ways and means of almost all of mankind. So strong has been its effect that all human activity ceased in one way or another for a considerable time, led to significant loss of life and economic drain of.
Lessons Learnt from COVID-19: How Can We Prepare for Another Pandemic?
Five months into the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. death toll from the virus has now surpassed 100,000 people. Many more cases remain nationwide, while an unknown number of patients currently harbor the virus asymptomatically. While health officials are now optimistic regarding the decline in prevalence and number of deaths due to COVID-19 and the possibility of a vaccine by the fall, we cannot lose sight of the bigger picture: the next pandemic.
Safety of Using Rituximab Therapy During COVID-19 Pandemic
Rituximab is a chimeric (20% rodent and 80% human) monoclonal antibody that binds to the CD20 antigen present on the cell surface and leads to depletion of mature B-cells [1,2]. It is the first approved monoclonal antibody to be used in the therapy of indolent B-cell non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Educators as Essential Workers in the Era of COVID-19: Applying Lessons from Disaster Recovery
In the article, “Mental Health Framework: Coronavirus pandemic in post-Katrina New Orleans” [1], Shervington and Richardson offer recommendations about how to anticipate and address disaster-related, trauma exposures associated with the coronavirus pandemic
How Well Do Hemodialysis Patients Respond to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine?
In January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) classified COVID-19 to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern and declared it a pandemic on March 11, 2020 [1]. Over one hundred and eighty-five million people have been infected by SARS-CoV-2 and roughly four million have died worldwide so far
In silico Analysis for the Repurposing of Broad-spectrum Antiviral Drugs against Multiple Targets from SARS-CoV-2: A Molecular Docking and ADMET Approach
SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the genus Beta of the Coronaviridae family of enveloped single-stranded, positive-sense ribonucleic acid (RNA) with a genome length of 30,000bp. The virion is composed of various non-structural (RNA dependent RNA polymerase also known as RdRp) and structural proteins such as Spike (S), Nucleocapsid (N), Matrix (M), and Envelope (E) proteins.
Is Citrate A Critical Signal in Immunity and Inflammation?
When immune cells are activated, they undergo metabolic change in order to have sufficient energy to function effectively. The Krebs cycle is one of the most important pathways involved in this response and citrate, a critical component of this pathway, regulates carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
Predicting COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients’ Outcome with Homocysteine
The COVID-19 pandemic has provoked a global, rapid increase of cases due to the high infectivity of the etiological agent, COVID-19 virus. In February 2021, over 110 million confirmed COVID-19 cases with 1 million deaths were reported worldwide (www.who.int).
Primary Temporal Bone Meningioma Presenting as Chronic Mastoiditis and Sigmoid Sinus Thrombosis: Report of a Case with Literature Analysis
Meningiomas are common, primary brain tumors, accounting for up to 30% of intracranial neoplasms; they are usually slow-growing and benign [1]. Primary extra cranial meningiomas are rare, and approximately 2% of meningiomas are located extra cranially [2]. Furthermore, primary extra cranial meningiomas of the ear and temporal bone are exceedingly rare .
When does the Brain Ask for Help from the Eyes?
By deduction from complexity of (behavioral) models, we develop an entropic computational tool to distinguish erroneous/redundant eye movements from task relevant eye movements.
Dexamethasone: The First Drug to be Shown to Decrease Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19
The precise role of corticosteroids for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unclear due to lack of randomized trials.
How to Prevent Rehospitalization in Patients with COVID-19
Since December 2019, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused by 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has resulted in 89,000 cases of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (NCP) in China, including 2,450 deaths.
No Studies in Stroke Regarding Brain fMRI Activity and Pelvic Floor Muscle Training/Activation - Only Studies in Non-stroke Population: A Review of Neuroimaging Studies
Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) is highly prevalent in poststroke patients, leading to major impact on the quality of life (QoL) and healthcare resources. Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) has, over the past two decades, been recommended as first-line treatment for neurologically healthy patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).
Design of a Peptide Against the Interaction Between Immune Response Protein TRAF5 and the Oncoprotein E6 from HPV
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the human papillomavirus (HPV) affects more than 600 million people worldwide, being the most common sexually transmitted disease (STD). There were over 250,000 deaths due to cervical cancer worldwide and most of them took place in developing countries (WHO). There are more than 80 HPV types and more than 40 infect the genital tract
TNFAIP8: Inflammation, Immunity and Human Diseases
Inflammation can be caused by various environmental factors, including microbial infection and toxic chemical exposure. In response to inflammation, immune cells like macrophages, B and T lymphocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and various stromal cells secrete soluble polypeptide cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF?)
Classical Drug and its New Role in COVID-19 Management
COVID-19 is the new emerging viral infection that already cause global public health problem [1-3]. More than 220 countries/territories are already attacked and there are more than 17 million patients around the world
Exercise, Strains and Their Impact on Bone Mineral Content and Density Losses
Bone mineral content and density (BMC, BMD) losses, which may subsequently lead to osteopenia and osteoporosis, appear in various disuse (aging, space flight and its analogs, spinal cord injury, etc.) conditions. While diet and hormonal status impact BMC and BMD values, a major factor responsible for these losses are the
Beta-Sitosterol: As Immunostimulant, Antioxidant and Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein
This article is an extension to our recently published article in Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, entitled “Β-Sitosterol: Isolation from Muntingia Calabura Linn. Bark Extract, Structural Elucidation, and Molecular Docking Studies as Potential Inhibitor of SARSCoV-2 Mpro (COVID-19)”[1].
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