Journal of Cellular Immunology

2021

Volume 3, Issue 3, p133-200

Articles published in this issue are Open Access and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY NC) where the readers can reuse, download, distribute the article in whole or part by mentioning proper credits to the authors.

Commentary Open Access

Efferocytosis and Anthrax: Implications for Bacterial Sepsis?

Joshua S. Mytych, Zijian Pan, A. Darise Farris

Bacillus anthracis (Ba) is a gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore- and toxin-forming bacterium. While mainly an herbivore pathogen, human infection with Ba spores can occur through a number of routes including cutaneous, gastrointestinal, injectional, or inhalational. The deadliest form of anthrax exposure is through inhalation of Ba spores, leading to systemic dissemination of the bacteria, with mortality ranging from 45% to 90%.

J Cell Immunol, 2021, Volume 3, Issue 3, p133-139 | DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.090

Review Article Open Access

Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinases in Leukemia Development

Changhao Cui, Chen Wang, Min Cao, Xunlei Kang

Ca²⁺/ calmodulin (CaM) signaling is important for a wide range of cellular functions. It is not surprised the role of this signaling has been recognized in tumor progressions, such as proliferation, invasion, and migration. However, its role in leukemia has not been well appreciated. The multifunctional Ca²⁺/CaM-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs) are critical intermediates of this signaling and play key roles in cancer development.

J Cell Immunol, 2021, Volume 3, Issue 3, p144-150 | DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.091

Short Communication Open Access

Promoter Reporter Systems for Imaging of Cells Transplanted into Post-infarcted Heart

Katarzyna Fiedorowicz, Maciej Kurpisz

Molecular imaging has been a rapidly developing field of molecular biology. Specific sophisticated approaches have been pursued to effectively monitor the fate of transplanted cells in the body, i.e. retention in target organ, migration routes and cell survival up to their final destination. One of the strategies involves direct or indirect labeling of target cells.

J Cell Immunol, 2021, Volume 3, Issue 3, p151-155 | DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.092

Commentary Open Access

Duration of SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity

Seitz Tamara, Kelani Hasan, Wenisch Christoph, Laferl Hermann

After infection with SARS-CoV-2 prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding was reported for several weeks. However, the duration of actual infectivity depends on the severity of disease and the immune status of the affected individual. Infectivity is highly unlikely nine days after symptom onset in immunocompetent individuals with a mild course of COVID-19.

J Cell Immunol, 2021, Volume 3, Issue 3, p156-163 | DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.093

Commentary Open Access

Unconventional Approaches to Direct Detection of Borreliosis and Other Tick Borne Illnesses: A Path Forward

Lance Liotta, Alessandra Luchini

The current COVID-19 pandemic has brought to public attention the conceptual difference between a test for COVID-19 derived RNA or proteins indicating the presence of an active infection, versus COVID-19 serology testing indicating pathogen infection. Only the former test for molecules derived from COVID-19 provides reliable evidence of a current active infection.

J Cell Immunol, 2021, Volume 3, Issue 3, p164-172 | DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.094

Short Communication Open Access

Increased Binding Affinity of Furin to D614G Mutant S-glycoprotein May Augment Infectivity of the Predominating SARS-CoV-2 Variant

Sardar Sindhu, Rasheed Ahmad, Fahd Al-Mulla

COVID-19 pandemic has inflicted serious challenges to both global health and economy. The disease is caused by a +ssRNA zoonotic coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2, known to have four structural proteins named spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N). Given the critical role in host immunity and virus attachment to ACE2 receptors on target cells, S-glycoprotein mutations are of significant concern.

J Cell Immunol, 2021, Volume 3, Issue 3, p173-176 | DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.095

Commentary Open Access

Murine Models of Alcohol Consumption: Imperfect but Still Potential Source of Novel Biomarkers and Therapeutic Drug Discovery for Alcoholic Liver Disease

Khaled Alharshawi, Costica Aloman

Improving our knowledge regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying murine models of alcoholic liver injury should enhance the management and therapies of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) seen in humans [1]. Although none of the animal models available reproduce all main aspects of human ALD, they still provide very

J Cell Immunol, 2021, Volume 3, Issue 3, p177-181 | DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.096

Research Article Open Access

The Variable Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Potential Treatment with Combination IL-15 and IL-21

Stephen William Wilz

SARS-Cov-2 is the virus that causes the disease COVID-19. While most patients who contract the disease experience mild symptoms, a significant percentage has severe symptoms, sometimes leading to death. In this paper, the immune response to SARS-Cov-2 infection is reviewed, highlighting differences between patients with severe disease and patients with mild disease.

J Cell Immunol, 2021, Volume 3, Issue 3, p182-190 | DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.097

Research Article Open Access

Sleep Disturbances are a Significant Predictor of Chikungunya Arthritis Flare Severity

Sarah Renee Tritsch, Richard Amdur, Liliana Encinales, Andres Cadena Bonfanti, Paige Fierbaugh, Geraldine Avendaño, Carlos Andres Herrera Gomez, Karol Suchowiecki, Evelyn Mendoza-Torres, Wendy Rosales, Dennys Jimenez, Carlos Alberto Perez Hernandez, Alfonso Sucerquia Hernández, Paula Bruges Silvera, Yerlenis Galvis Crespo, Alberto David Cabana Jimenez, Jennifer Carolina Martinez Zapata, Christopher N. Mores, Gary Steven Firestein, Gary Leonard Simon, Aileen Yu-hen Chang

The primary objective of this research was to explore the link between sleep and flare pain associated with chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection. The secondary objective was to investigate if cytokines and T regulatory (Treg) cells have an influence on this relationship.

J Cell Immunol, 2021, Volume 3, Issue 3, p191-197 | DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.098

Commentary Open Access

The Potential of Combination Therapies and Patient Stratification to Improve CCR₂ Inhibition Therapeutics

Jason E. Duex, Dan Theodorescu

Chemokines and their receptors are the communication mechanism used by cells of the immune system, allowing them to identify and eliminate pathogens and cancerous cells. However, it is becoming clear that chemokines and their receptors are also playing a role in tumor progression and metastasis. An example of such coopting is the CCL2-CCR2 axis.

J Cell Immunol, 2021, Volume 3, Issue 3, p198-200 | DOI: 10.33696/immunology.3.099

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Journal of Cellular Immunology

2021

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