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Archives of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
ISSN: 2692-787X
Volume 3, Issue 2, p53-78
Articles published in this issue are Open Access and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY NC) where the readers can reuse, download, distribute the article in whole or part by mentioning proper credits to the authors.
Diagnosis and Management of Chorioamnionitis: A Case Report and Short Review of Literature
Chorioamnionitis is an unprecedented complication arising during labor and the intrapartum period which can lead to adverse outcomes in the mother such as sepsis and postpartum infections and the neonate such as stillbirth, neonatal sepsis, cerebral palsy, and delayed milestones with an increased NICU stay. Several studies have been done over the past years to study the pathophysiology and outcomes of chorioamnionitis.
Arch Obstet Gynecol, 2022, Volume 3, Issue 2, p53-58 | DOI: 10.33696/Gynaecology.3.029The Effects of Vaginal Probiotic Administration on Perinatal Outcomes in Patients with Premature Preterm Rupture of Membrane
Preterm premature rupture of membrane is the rupture of the chorionic-amniotic membrane and leakage of amniotic fluid before the onset of labor pains and prior to the 37th week of pregnancy. Preterm premature rupture of membrane (PPROM) occurs in 3% of pregnancies and is the cause of about 25 to 30% of all preterm births. PPROM is an important contributor to perinatal morbidity.
Arch Obstet Gynecol, 2022, Volume 3, Issue 2, p59-63 | DOI: 10.33696/Gynaecology.3.030Our State Just Passed a Near-Total Abortion Ban
On Friday, August 5th, the Indiana legislature passed Senate Bill 1 (SB1), a near-total abortion ban, which was signed into law by Governor Holcomb. Exceptions for rape and incest only exist up to 10 weeks. Both medical and surgical abortions must be performed in a hospital. And, if a physician performs the procedure on someone who does not meet these exceptions, it is categorized as a level 5 felony for an “unlawful abortion”.
Arch Obstet Gynecol, 2022, Volume 3, Issue 2, p64-65 | DOI: 10.33696/Gynaecology.3.031The Safety of High Dose Labetalol in the Pregnant Population
Medical management of hypertension in pregnancy is indicated for severe range blood pressures. This is diagnosed with either systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 160 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥110 mm Hg on two occasions at least 4 hours apart. When this diagnosis is established, fast-acting anti-hypertensive medications can be utilized for acutely severe range blood pressures.
Arch Obstet Gynecol, 2022, Volume 3, Issue 2, p66-70 | DOI: 10.33696/Gynaecology.3.032Ectopic Pregnancy: Vascularity Index as a Novel Diagnostic Criterion
Since the medical management of ectopic pregnancy (EP) was introduced by Dr. Steven Ory, and published in 1986 in the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, diagnostic criteria have been established to predict its successful medical treatment with methotrexate (MTX), including its maximum diameter (MaxDia), its associated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level, and whether there was identified cardiac motion (CM).
Arch Obstet Gynecol, 2022, Volume 3, Issue 2, p71-78 | DOI: 10.33696/Gynaecology.3.033Ultrasounds Importance in the Clinic and Medical Diagnostics
Ultrasounds are acoustic vibrations that are not perceived by the human ear as their frequency is greater than 20,000 Hz. They are artificially generated by the action of the electric current, whose polarity is periodically reversed, on a quartz crystal, subjecting it, by the action of the electromagnetic field created, to successive contractions and expansions. This alternation of movements generates vibrations, which, transmitted to cellular and intercellular structures, cause collisions and generate heat.
Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
We are witnessing the evolution of the diagnostic imaging that is rapidly becoming available to Women’s Health physicians (OB/GYN’s), enabling the use of technology to augment our ability to medically palpate on examination of the patient, to identify conditions which we were unable to appreciate a short time ago.
Low-level Progesterone on the Day of hCG Injection Has No Detrimental Effect on the Pregnancy Outcome after IVF with GnRH-a Protocol: A Retrospective Study
To investigate the effect of low progesterone (P) level on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection on the outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF) with GnRH- agonist (GnRH-a) long protocol.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Liver Biopsy, Is It Ready for Prime Time?
Liver biopsy continues to be the gold-standard with regards to diagnosis and staging of the majority of liver diseases. Serologic markers certainly have helped in diagnosing various autoimmune and viral-related liver diseases. Furthermore, laboratory testing and imaging studies such as liver elastography have allowed us to non-invasively assess fibrosis. Unfortunately, there are shortcomings with these forms of testing. False positives or laboratory errors will lead to misleading diagnoses. Situations can also arise during which there are diagnostic dilemmas, such as an obese patient with positive autoimmune serology and elevated liver chemistries.
Evaluation and Management of chronic Hypertension in Pregnancy
Chronic hypertension is present in 1-2% of pregnant women. Women with chronic hypertension are at an increased risk of maternal and perinatal complications when compared with normotensive women.
Critical Appraisal OF Cervical Pregnancy Management
For a long time, it was rare to see a case of cervical pregnancy (CP) throughout the journey in the field of obstetrics. Recently, the circumstances showed dramatic changes and I think not uncommonly every one elsewhere in the field may face this problem to some extent and the CP term strikes his/her ears.
Adnexal Torsion During the Second Trimester of Pregnancy: Mc Burney Incision and Management Strategy
A 33-year-old pregnant woman at 26 weeks gestation presented with abdominal pain in the right iliac fossa. She had a history of a left ovarian cyst. The current pregnancy was normal. The patient was apyretic.
Pregnancy and Hepatitis B Immunization: A Commentary on Maternal Knowledge and Vertical Transmission Risks
The paper Maternal knowledge of the risk of vertical transmission and offspring acquisition of hepatitis B, recently published in Annals of Hepatology, provides unique insight on a topic not previously studied in the USA. The research paper discusses important topics on maternal hepatitis B infections.
The Effects of Vaginal Probiotic Administration on Perinatal Outcomes in Patients with Premature Preterm Rupture of Membrane
Preterm premature rupture of membrane is the rupture of the chorionic-amniotic membrane and leakage of amniotic fluid before the onset of labor pains and prior to the 37th week of pregnancy. Preterm premature rupture of membrane (PPROM) occurs in 3% of pregnancies and is the cause of about 25 to 30% of all preterm births. PPROM is an important contributor to perinatal morbidity.
Commentary on: Echocardiography in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Is It Time to Reconsider Its Prognostic Utility?
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) represents a rare but devastating disease due to small pulmonary arterial vessels remodelling and increased pulmonary vascular resistance leading to right ventricular dysfunction, right heart failure and death.
Prognosis of Patients with Advanced Liver Disease and Positive Stress Echocardiograms: Impact of Coronary Artery Disease, Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis, and Beta-blocker Therapy
Cardiac Complications are the leading cause of mortality after orthotopic liver transplantation. Advanced liver disease patients with positive DSE are at increased risk. CAD, beta blocker use and NASH are independently associated with cardiac events.
Ultrasound-Guided Bone Surgery: A New Perspective
Metatarsalgia is a frequent cause of forefoot pain. Surgical treatment is based on the performance of osteotomies at the level of the minor radii to restore a normal distribution of pressure within the forefoot and improve the biomechanics during gait.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Liver Biopsy; the Pathologist’s Perspective
In this study, the safety and efficacy of liver biopsies performed by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS-LB) were compared with those performed via the traditional percutaneous route at our Medical Center between January 2018 and August 2019.
Cervical Cancer Prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa and HPV Vaccination Policy: A Public Health Grand Challenge?
“Women are not dying because of diseases we cannot treat. They are dying because societies have yet to make the decision that their lives are worth saving.”
The Role of the Sciatic Nerve Ultrasound Elastography in the Clinical Pathway: A Meta-analysis
Ultrasound elastography is a diagnostic method, to measure elasticity and strain in tissues and organs. The aim of this review was to highlight the usefulness of sciatic nerve ultrasound elastography in clinical practice. Different changes affect the sciatic nerves through various diseases and conditions.
Preventing Stroke in Sickle Cell Disease: 2021. The Role of Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (TCD) When the Use of Transfusion is Problematic
While TCD is an indicator of risk, not a biopsy diagnosis (such as proof of cancer), at some point in the velocity spectrum the high velocity detected by TCD reaches what many believe is an unacceptable risk of stroke.
Novel Treatments Targeting the Dysregulated Cell Signaling Pathway during Sepsis
Previously characterized as a purely immune mediated disease, sepsis is now recognized as a dysregulated multisystem response against a pathogen. Recognition of the infectious agent by pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) can initiate activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and promote the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. During sepsis, the activation of NF-κB is dysregulated and results in cytokine storm, or the pathologic release of cytokines.
Ethanol Consumption and Sepsis: Mechanisms of Organ Damage
Sepsis is highly prevalent, and is one of the main causes of mortality among hospitalized patients. Ethanol consumption in large quantities compromises the normal functioning of the body, leading to dysfunction of multiple different organ systems. The association between sepsis and ethanol is not fully understood, but it is well accepted that ethanol
Efferocytosis and Anthrax: Implications for Bacterial Sepsis?
Bacillus anthracis (Ba) is a gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore- and toxin-forming bacterium. While mainly an herbivore pathogen, human infection with Ba spores can occur through a number of routes including cutaneous, gastrointestinal, injectional, or inhalational.
Postpartum Shock Following Vulvovaginal Haematoma, Rare but Keeps Coming: The Complete Case Report
Vulvovaginal haematoma following vagina delivery can cause a serious life-threatening complication including maternal mortality if not promptly diagnosed or properly managed yet, is no more commonly seen, especially in modern obstetric practice due to improvement in quality of care and management in labour with careful observation of mothers in labour ward following delivery.
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