Cancer - Articles

Penile cancer is a rare and biologically heterogeneous malignancy in which extensive regional nodal or distant metastatic disease is associated with poor survival. This structured narrative review summarizes current evidence for systemic treatment in the neoadjuvant, adjuvant, first-line palliative, and later-line settings, together with emerging biomarkers and molecularly directed strategies. PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched through 2010 to June 2026. 

Purpose: To determine the relative importance of treatment-related attributes on patient preferences for chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) as second-line (2L) multiple myeloma (MM) therapy.

Methods: US patients with relapsed or refractory MM who completed ≥1 line of treatment were recruited via convenience sampling to complete a cross-sectional survey between December 2023 and March 2024.

Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) has emerged as a promising cancer immunotherapy strategy that combines selective tumor cell infection and lysis with immune activation. However, clinical responses remain variable, and innate antiviral immunity is a key determinant of this variability. Type I interferon (IFN) signaling and downstream interferon-stimulated genes can restrict viral replication, limit intratumoral spread, and reduce direct oncolysis, particularly in tumors with intact or elevated antiviral programs. 

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), which merge the specificity of monoclonal antibodies with potent cytotoxic payloads, are becoming more common as a therapeutic option for cancer patients with multiple approvals and many more in clinical development. As of March 2026, 15 ADCs have been approved by the FDA for use in oncological indications (Table 1), and despite their targeted design, ocular adverse events (OAEs) have emerged as adverse events of special interest in patients across various tumor types.

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)-related cervical cancer (CC) still drives cancer-related mortality in low-to-middle income countries (LMICs), exacerbated by disparities in HPV screening, HPV vaccination status, specialist availability, and treatment costs compared to higher-income countries. This study describes how botanical nutraceuticals may provide a viable, low-cost strategy to target molecular hallmarks of HPV-related CC that would specifically benefit regions with limited access to specialized oncologists or radiotherapy infrastructure.

The clinicopathological syndrome of cancer of unknown primary site (CUP) is metastatic cancer without an identifiable anatomical primary site after a thorough evaluation and has been a diagnostic and therapeutic puzzle for many decades frustrating physicians and patients. Postmortem examinations have found very small clinically undetectable primary tumors in about 75% of cases from more than 20 different sites; even at autopsy very small primaries which are not visible or palpable are difficult to find and would require hundreds of blind tissue sections from every organ to detect.