Archives of Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Review Article Open Access

Why Can Modulation of α6-Containing GABA_A Receptors Reduce the Symptoms of Multiple Neuropsychiatric Disorders?

Werner Sieghart

α6-containing GABA_A receptors (α6GABA_ARs) are strongly expressed in cerebellar granule cells, where they mediate a correctly timed and precise coordination of all muscle groups that execute behavior and protect the brain from information overflow. Recently, it was demonstrated that positive modulators with a high selectivity for α6GABA_ARs (α6-modulators) can reduce the symptoms of multiple neuropsychiatric disorders in respective animal models to an extent comparable with established clinical therapeutics.

Commentary Open Access

Beta-Sitosterol: As Immunostimulant, Antioxidant and Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein

Sharuk L. Khan, Falak A. Siddiqui

This article is an extension to our recently published article in Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, entitled “Β-Sitosterol: Isolation from Muntingia Calabura Linn. Bark Extract, Structural Elucidation, and Molecular Docking Studies as Potential Inhibitor of SARSCoV-2 Mpro (COVID-19)”[1].

Review Article Open Access

Pharmacologic Therapies for Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: Current and Future Treatments

Ilana P. Goldberg, Benjamin Lichtbroun, Eric A. Singer, Saum Ghodoussipour

Bladder cancer is the sixth most common malignancy in the United States and 70% of cases are non-muscle invasive at the time of diagnosis. Effective treatment is crucial to prevent progression, which occurs in about 30% of patients. The American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines recommend treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with intravesical Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and chemotherapy.

Research Article Open Access

Comprehensive Network and Structural Analysis of Bovine Papillomavirus, Squamous Cell Carcinoma Markers, and Elucidation of Efficacy Mechanisms of Phytochemicals from Thuja Occidentalis

Shafiqur Rahman, Arun HS Kumar

Papillomaviruses infect cutaneous tissue in various species including bovines and from benign warts to malignant squamous cell carcinoma causing severe economic losses to the farmers. The mechanisms by which bovine papillomaviruses interact with host tissue are unclear. Hence in this study using classical network analysis tools, we evaluated interactions of Bovine papilloma (BPV) variants, with markers and receptors implicated in squamous cell carcinoma.

Editorial Open Access

Diverse Therapeutic Applications of Onion

Preetismita Borah, Bimal Krishna Banik

Onion has been a very useful vegetable for human. The organic molecules present in onion are extremely diverse and exert numerous pharmacological pathways to prevent diseases. Although, mechanism of action of the compounds present in onion has been investigated, clearly there remains enough scope to study this subject further. In general, many scientists believe that the medicinal values of onion are because of a series of oxidation processes of the molecules present in it. 

Research Article Open Access

Relative COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Effectiveness and ClinicalEpidemiological Characteristics Before and After 29 Days of Shot

Jose Luis Turabian

Background: When the highest vaccine COVID-19 booster effectiveness (VBE) is obtained is not clearly known. Objective: To compare the cases of COVID-19 in booster vaccinated people with a time of <29 days vs. ≥ 29 days from booster to infection diagnosis and assess their relative VBE. Methodology: An observational, longitudinal and prospective case series study of adult patients with COVID-19 breakthrough infections in booster vaccinated people, in general medicine and for the period December 2021 to February 2022, during the omicron variant contagion wave.

Commentary Open Access

Artificial Intelligence in Pharma: Positive Trends but More Investment Needed to Drive a Transformation

Peter Henstock

Pharmaceutical companies have been actively adopting artificial intelligence (AI) approaches for drug discovery and are starting to focus this technology on clinical trials. The shift from large-scale collaborations to smaller strategic partnerships and recently to internal teams has led to increased headcounts that are being organized to deliver AI across the enterprise. Although the urgency of the COVID-19 could have been a perfect test case for leveraging AI, it drew awareness to the obstacles of data access.

Commentary Open Access

Is There a Simple and Easy Way to Detect Singlet Oxygen? Comparison of Methods for Detecting Singlet Oxygen and Application to Measure Scavenging Activity of Various Compounds

Tokuko Takajo, Kazunori Anzai

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to exert both beneficial and harmful effects in the human body. Singlet oxygen (¹O₂), is highly reactive and considered as one of the ROS, although it is not a radical molecule. ¹O₂ reacts with many kinds of biological components such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. ¹O₂ is short lived because it reacts with biomolecules and collisions with water molecules rapidly causing the return of ¹O₂ to the ground state, and is therefore not easy to quantify. Antioxidants, such as β-carotene, lycopene and astaxanthin, are quenchers of ¹O₂.