Abstract
It is obvious that obesity-related diseases are increasing in parallel with the prevalence of obesity, which has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Cardiovascular disease, multiple cancers, stroke, type 2 diabetes and many other non-communicable diseases are more likely to develop in people living with obesity compared to those living at a healthy weight. In recent years, deeper investigation of the role of multi-organ interaction mechanisms in obesity and related chronic diseases has contributed to the development of new treatment and prevention strategies for obesity and its related-diseases. Bone tissue is also one of those target tissues in obesity. In this sense, the involvement of adipokines derived from adipose tissue in bone metabolism through hormonal and inflammatory factors suggests that obesity may be metabolically associated with bone loss. Moreover, recent epidemiologic and clinical studies have shown that obesity might be a risk factor for osteoporosis and fragility fractures. In obesity, various mechanisms affect bone remodeling and may be involved in the development of osteoporosis by triggering or modifying signaling pathways through the release of adipokines from adipose tissue and osteokines from bone. This review aims to elucidate the relationship between obesity and osteoporosis by focusing on the complex and reciprocal interaction between adipose tissue and bone tissue, discussing the changes in signaling pathways.
Keywords
Obesity, Adipokines, Signaling pathways, Osteokines, Bone remodelling, Osteoporosis