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Commentary Open Access

Music as a Collective Container for Trauma: The Performances of Verdi’s Messa da Requiem in the Terezín Ghetto

  • 1MAAT, Art therapist, Psychotherapist, Senior Supervisor and Lecturer in the Master of Arts Therapy Program at David Yellin Academic College of Education, Jerusalem, Israel
  • 2Professor, PhD, Vocal Coach, Lecturer, Dean of the Faculty of Performing Arts and Composition, The Jerusalem Academy of Music and Dance. Head of the Program for Outstanding Young Singers, Jerusalem Music Center, Israel
+ Affiliations - Affiliations

Corresponding Author

Zvi Semel, zvisemel@gmail.com

Received Date: January 11, 2026

Accepted Date: February 23, 2026

Abstract

Building on an earlier analysis of the repeated performances of Verdi’s Messa da Requiem in the Terezín ghetto, this article revisits the undertaking as a paradigmatic instance of musical practice under conditions of radical persecution. Drawing on survivors’ testimonies and historical–musicological sources, and guided by psychoanalytic concepts, we suggest that Verdi’s Requiem could function as a collective container in Bion’s sense: a structured musical–textual matrix that received death and terror and returned it in forms that could be borne, shared, and symbolically elaborated. We bring Ogden’s modes of experiencing into dialogue with the Expressive Therapies Continuum (ETC), used here as a descriptive vocabulary for layered musical and bodily experience. Focusing on Dies irae and Libera me movements, we trace how musical form, vocal embodiment, and textual meaning converged with Jewish liturgical memory and with the political circumstances of Verdi’s composition, which many prisoners experienced as charged with subversive significance. We argue that rehearsals and performances created a liminal, ritualized space in which inmates could experience themselves as singular subjects and as a community, reclaiming dignity, agency, and voice. Within this musical “third,” psychic life and meaning could, however precariously, be sustained in the midst of an otherwise scarcely representable catastrophe.

Keywords

Terezín, Verdi’s Requiem, Bion, Ogden, Expressive therapies continuum, Trauma, Containment, Music

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