Our team’s previous meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of closed-loop insulin system (CLS) in non-pregnant individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). In this study, we aim to discuss the broader application of CLS in a more diverse population and address the current challenges and future development directions. Through a comprehensive review of relevant literature, our findings indicate that CLS not only effectively lowers glucose levels in T1DM patients but also demonstrates greater effectiveness and safety when utilized in pregnant women with T1DM, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), those undergoing hemodialysis, or individuals requiring surgery. Recent studies have also explored the impact of CLS therapy on quality of life, neurological function, and C-peptide levels. Nevertheless, despite these promising results, CLS still encounters challenges in clinical practice, such as technological maturity, cost-effectiveness, and personalized treatment approaches. Therefore, further research and development of CLS technology are imperative to facilitate its broader adoption among diverse populations and address the current obstacles to its implementation.

Closed-loop insulin system, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Type 2 diabetes mellitus