Journal of Experimental Neurology

Mini Review Open Access

Molecular Cascades That Build and Connect Auditory Neurons from Hair Cells to the Auditory Cortex

Ebenezer N. Yamoah , Gabriela Pavlinkova , Bernd Fritzsch

Understanding the development of the auditory system is crucial for uncovering the molecular origins of hearing and its related disorders. During this development, spiral ganglion neurons extend peripheral fibers to cochlear hair cells and central projections to the cochlear nuclei, setting up a tonotopic map that connects the ear to the brainstem, enabling frequency-specific sound perception. This sensory information is then integrated bilaterally through a relay involving the superior olivary complex, lateral lemniscus, inferior colliculus, medial geniculate body, and the auditory cortex.

Case Report Open Access

A Rare Case of Contralateral Onset of Seizures and SIRPIDs (Stimulus Induced Rhythmic, Periodic or Ictal Discharges)

Arvind Ramesh , Arun Swaminathan

SIRPIDs (Stimulus Induced rhythmic, periodic, or ictal discharges) represent a relatively newer addition to the terminology of electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring. They are meant to represent findings that may have epileptogenic potential and are repeatedly produced in response to various stimuli.

Commentary Open Access

From Microcurrents to Macro Gains: Revolutionizing Ophthalmology with Non-Invasive Electrical Stimulation

Grace M Coyne , Ajay Ashok , Menglu Yang , Dong Feng Chen

For over a century, the therapeutic potential of electrical stimulation (ES) has intrigued scientists and clinicians alike. The ophthalmology field has largely centered its applications in posterior segment diseases of the eye, yet recent developments have brought corneal pathologies into sharper focus. This commentary aims to contextualize and critique the current landscape of ES in eye care, particularly the growing interest in the non-invasive techniques: transpalpebral electrical stimulation (TpES). Compared to transcorneal approaches, TpES not only preserves ocular surface integrity, but also enhances patient comfort and compliance—factors often overlooked in early clinical studies.

Mini Review Open Access

Mucus as Part of the Intestinal Barrier in Neurological Diseases

John A. Damianos , Michael Camilleri

The objective of this paper is to review what is known about intestinal mucus in neurologic health and disease states. To set the stage, we summarize the physiology of mucus within the gastrointestinal tract and its role in gastrointestinal homeostasis and disease states. There is documentation of barrier dysfunction as well as damage to epithelial or mucosal defense mechanisms in prototypical neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and Parkinson disease.

Case Report Open Access

Central Nervous System (CNS) Vasculitis in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Lupus Nephritis: A Case Report

Abdul Majid , Ayub Khan , Muhammad Noman , Shahid Ali , Muhammad Osama , Hafsa Salim , Farhan Shahzad

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by diverse symptoms including fever, joint pain, facial rash, blood in urine, and sores in the mouth. Neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) refers to neurological and psychiatric manifestations in SLE patients after exclusion of other potential causes. A 21-year-old woman with established lupus nephritis presented with left-sided weakness, aphasia, confusion and focal neurological deficits. Imaging studies demonstrated multiple infarcts and central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis.