The present Commentary is a critical follow-up of a previous review about “Extracellular vesicles, news about their role in immune cells: physiology, pathology and diseases”, appeared in Clinical and Experimental Immunology last June 2019 [1].

Until the end of last century, the origin and development of cancers were mostly attributed to the proliferation of their active cells, operative in collaboration with non-cancer cells of the patients. In particular, an important role was attributed to cells now recognized as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), first considered a few decades ago. Initially, however, the role attributed to these cells was only limited.

Objective: To describe the evolution of Utero-Vesical Fistula (UVF) of one patient who received conservative treatment using intravenous (IV) infusion of 120x106 Adipose tissue Mesenchymal Stem Cells (ADMSCs). Clinical case report: A 36-year-old female presented with postcesarean hematuria 3 hours after an emergency c-section was performed consequently to placental abruption during labor.

MicroRNAs are small, noncoding pieces of nucleic acid with the potential to control mRNA translation. These sequences participate in the regulation of cell dynamic growth and differentiation. In this study, the expression of miR-15a and miR-124 was monitored in adipose-derived tissue stem cells committed to pancreatic β cells in vitro over 28 days. In the current experiment, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were incubated in an induction medium to accelerate differentiation toward the endocrine pancreatic lineage for 28 days with a three-stage protocol.