Leptin has been proposed as a biomarker for endometriosis. Previous studies have shown mixed results. The aim of this study was to compare peritoneal fluid (PF) leptin concentrations between patients with and without endometriosis in a cohort of sufficient size to detect a significant difference.

Viable but nonculturable (VBNC) bacteria are deeply dormant phenotypic variants that are characterized by a loss of culturability in conventional culture media, yet retain some viability markers. Thus, low metabolic activity, nutrient uptake, membrane integrity, and respiration are all detectable in these dormant cells. In 1982, the VBNC state was first described for Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae. Shortly afterwards, VBNC Salmonella enteriditis were found to regain culturability

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and neurological disability worldwide with millions of people sustaining and living with its long-term effects []. TBI is often categorized as mild, moderate and severe with primary injuries separated as either focal or diffuse, with the latter including contusions, intracranial hematomas and brain herniation. 

Perinatal brain injury is an important clinical and socioeconomic entity. It is a syndrome of impaired brain function in the early days of life, and it is a consequence of inadequate brain oxygenation before, during or shortly after birth, with high mortality rates and early and late morbidity rates.

Rheumatic diseases are one of the most common problems in modern societies. The majority of rheumatic diseases occur when the human immune system attacks its own tissues, including the joints. There is no single cause of rheumatic diseases. Sometimes it may be a genetic factor, but in other cases cigarette smoking is responsible for the disease, or pollution, or other factors such as an infection. Seidman and Limaiem claim that “synovial fluid aspiration and analysis is a necessary therapeutic and diagnostic procedure useful in alleviating pain from a joint effusion and in the diagnosis of potentially serious joint pathologies.”