Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heart muscle disorder and is the most common form of Mendelianinherited heart disease, affecting approximately 0.2% of the global population. In adults the disease is often inherited as an autosomal dominant trait caused by mutations, mainly in one of the 23 cardiac sarcomere protein genes.

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is chronic heart muscle disease characterized by progressive ventricular enlargement and contractile dysfunction involving either left or both ventricles. It is considered one of the leading causes of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) worldwide

Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is a member of the mammalian bromo- and extra-terminal domain (BET) protein family, which also comprises BRD2, BRD3, and testis-specific BRDt.

Diastolic heart failure (DHF) is also be regarded as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), is estimated to occur in 40 to 50% of patients with HF. More than 70% of HF patients over the age of 65 had HFpEF, and the incidence and prevalence of HFpEF has been increased by 10% every 10 years in comparison to HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), and this gap is expected to widen in the coming years.

Heart failure affects 1-2% of the adult population in developed countries and the lifetime risk of a heart failure diagnosis is 20%. Patients with heart failure have markedly reduced life expectancy, physical capacity and quality of life. One-year all-cause mortality rates for heart failure patients range between 7 and 17% and the yearly hospitalization rate can be as high as 44%.