Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a potentially devastating neglected tropical disease is a major health concern. Despite recent advances made in diagnosis of VL, an accurate and a reliable diagnostic biomarker is still needed.

For their survival, many intracellular pathogens build and retain pathogen-containing vacuoles (PVs) to hide from the cytosolic host defense systems. Among the several PV-resident human pathogens are the obligate intracellular protozoa parasites Leishmania donovani and Toxoplasma gondii. The proinflammatory cytokine IFNγ, a key player in cellular immunity, can orchestrate a variety of defensive functions that destroy or prevent these intravacuolar pathogens from replicating inside host.

Bipolar disorder is a medical condition defined by mood fluctuation, oscillating between periods of elevated mood and periods of depression. Bipolar disorder is generally characterized by three conditions: a state of euphoria or agitation, called mania; a state of despondency, called depression; a symptom-free state (called euthymia) during which the person feels balanced and functions well.

Previous research has indicated a relationship between sedentary time and depression, but it is unclear how this relationship differs by gender or subtype of sedentary behavior. This commentary expands our previous study on screen time, gender, and depression by examining relationships between sedentary time, gender, and depression. This additional analysis utilized the 2017- March 2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Introduction: Recent studies suggest that compassion, particularly self-compassion, is often perceived as contrary to effective leadership and organizational success, that self-compassion, which impacts emotion regulation through the acceptance of negative emotions, may be an adaptive strategy for managing stress and benefit for resilience at work, and that self-compassion is associated with happiness and inversely related to anxiety and depression. This can be taken together with the importance of job-related affective well-being, where low LPLA (Low Pleasurable Low Arousal emotions) and high LPHA (Low Pleasurable High Arousal emotions) can correlate to depression, anxiety, and stress.