Journal of Muscle Biology

Studies have indicated that patients with idiopathic scoliosis (IS) commonly present with an imbalance of the paraspinal muscles regarding the orientation, length, thickness, volume, cross sectional area, and fiber type composition. However, whether paraspinal muscle imbalance is the cause or the consequence of spinal deformities in IS, remains unclear.

Ageing is known to be a natural process but is associated with significant decline in neuromuscular function and performance. Sarcopenia is an age related disease described by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. In addition, sarcopenia is a major clinical problem in public health of older people; with some adverse outcomes such as disability, poor quality of life, and increased risk of death.