Abstract
The psychosocial aspects of pharmacological prescription are the factors that intervene in ways of reacting of the doctor and the patient to the prescription of a drug, as well as the role of social structures that determine it. The role of psychosocial factors in pharmacologic treatment of patients remains unclear and is notably absent in the literature of the discipline of general medicine. Biological (specific) and psychosocial (nonspecific) effects of drugs are not simply additive, but interact with each other. In this scenario, this article briefly reflects on 8 main psychosocial aspects of pharmacological prescription: 1) Compliance; 2) The doctor-patient relationship (the doctor as a drug in itself, the placebo and nocebo effect); 3) The Hawthorne effect (which occurs in addition to the placebo effect); 4) Regression to the mean; 5) Complacency effects (confirmation bias and prescription for complacency); 6) The dependence of the pharmacological prescription (model “consumerist” and “Generation meds”); 7) Influence of the pharmaceutical industry on prescription practices (commercial strategies that present corporate bias); And 8) Cost concerns.
Keywords
Medication adherence; Illness perceptions; Medication beliefs; Communication; Patient Compliance; PhysicianPatient Relations; Psychosocial effect modifiers; Placebo; Family Practice; Prescription Drugs/adverse effects; Prescription Drugs/ economics
Editorial
However, the entire coagulation cascade is dysfunctional, in progressed chronic diabetes and cancer patients. Platelets (PLTs) in type 2 diabetic (DT2) involved in Thrombosis and Haemostasis (T&H) of individuals adhere to vascular endothelium and aggregate more voluntarily than those in healthy individuals, as are abnormalities in the microvascular and macrovascular circulations. However [1-4] it is already known that the circulating PLTs are essential for T&H, inflammation [3] growth factors delivery, regeneration; and knowledge of their function is fundamental to understanding the pathophysiology of vascular disease in diabetes and cancer-related diseases [2-5]. Though, PLTs significant role as participants in the resolution of thromboinflammation is underappreciated [3]. Recently our group has shown that human PLTs’ aggregating function/- reactivity affected by advanced glycated hemoglobin [2]. Recent studies have also provided strong evidence for an association between diabetes complications and an increase in PLTs’ reactivity [2,4,5] Though some metabolic abnormalities have been reported as the major causes of this reactivity and malfunction, which the defined mechanism has not been fully revealed. Intact healthy vascular endothelium play pivotal role in the normal functioning of smooth muscle contractility as well as its normal interaction with PLTs. What is not clear is the role of hyperglycemia in the functional and organic microvascular deficiencies and PLTs (hyper-) activity in individuals with diabetes and cancer-related diseases [4] Increased levels of fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 favor both thrombosis and defective dissolution of clots once formed [1]. Insulin resistance is a uniform finding in DT2, as are abnormalities in the microvascular and macrovascular circulations. These complications are associated with dysfunction of platelets and the neurovascular unit [1-4].
Recall, last 15 years studies have shown that Medici failed to decrease mortality and morbidity rate of 5-years survival chance of Cancer patients. There are so many missing links that One might expeculate that what are we doing really about preventing death machineries, which all correlated into PLTs’ function and (dis-)functions. Why pharmaceuticals and developed therapeutics still fail to halt so high mortality and morbidity rates in-Hospitals and/or out of Hospitals. One might expect that in the 21st Century all people has right to know about so called “think mode” of policymakers, pharmaceuticals and Basic Research founders’ principles, who support Research and Development of new drugs and therapeutics.
References
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