Journal of Clinical Haematology

Over the past 15 years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have emerged as an important class of regulatory molecules. The currently accepted definition is that lncRNA refers to RNA molecules with little or no protein-coding potential, and which are greater than 200 nucleotides in length, a size cut-off chosen largely to distinguish them from the more-extensively characterised group of small non-coding regulatory RNAs, which includes micro (mi)RNAs, small inhibitory (si)RNAs and PIWI-interacting (pi)RNAs.

The circular RNA (circRNA) is a covalently closed noncoding RNA, recently with the widespread application of high-throughput RNA sequencing bioinformatics methods, a large number of circRNAs found in human cells have been gradually discovered. It performs multiple biological functions in the human body and participates in the occurrence and development of different diseases such as tumors. Studies have found that circRNA is not easily degraded by exonuclease RNase R, has a half-life of more than 48 hours, can stably exist in eukaryotic cells, and its structure is highly conservative and organized, timing, disease-specific, and is expected to become a potential tumor diagnostic marker and therapeutic target.

Multiple myeloma (MM) manifests as neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow associated with monoclonal paraprotein in the blood and/or urine, and evidence of end organ damage that can be attributed to the underlying plasma cell proliferative disorder. The median age at diagnosis of multiple myeloma is 70 years, and the incidence increases with age.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematologic malignancy, with 32,110 new cases diagnosed in the United States in 2019, resulting in 12,960 deaths. While neutrophilia
is also a common entity, it most often arises secondary to other etiologies, such as infection or inflammatory processes. 

Introduction: During the past two decades, new therapeutic agents have greatly improved the treatment landscape in multiple myeloma (MM). Treatments such as proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, targeted monoclonal antibody therapy, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy have improved outcomes with less toxicity. Advances in laboratory testing have accompanied this change,