Journal of Cellular Immunology

Original Research Open Access

Computational and Mutational Hotspot Analysis of Mycobacterial Inorganic Pyrophosphatase and Virtual Screening of Natural Compounds to Discover Potential Therapeutics

Shivangi , Laxman S. Meena

Mycobacterial inorganic pyrophosphatase (Mt-PPa) plays an essential role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival both in vitro and in vivo. This enzyme family hydrolyzes inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) to release inorganic phosphate (Pi), thereby preventing pyrophosphate toxicity. The M. tuberculosis gene Rv3628 encodes a type I inorganic pyrophosphatase that exhibits metal-ion-dependent catalytic activity.

Original Research Open Access

CALHM6: Expression Level in SARS-CoV-2 Patients and Its Trend as the Infection Progresses

Ali Zalan , Kehkshan Jabeen , Wajid Hussain , Bushra Khan , Wafa Omer , Saman Noor , Muhammad Usman , Aneela Javed

This study investigates the role of Calcium Homeostasis Modulator 6 (CALHM6) in immune regulation during SARS-CoV-2 infection, with the aim of exploring its potential as a prognostic marker. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 42 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients and 19 healthy controls were analyzed for CALHM6 expression. Clinical data were collected from patients admitted with low oxygen saturation (≤90%) and severe symptoms, and RNA was extracted at admission.

Editorial Open Access

Autoimmune Diseases Primarily Mediated by Cellular Immunity Mechanisms and Recent Treatment Advances

Yongxin Zhang

Autoimmune diseases primarily mediated by cellular immunity, classified as type IV hypersensitivity disorders, are driven by dysregulated T cell responses resulting in targeted tissue destruction. Unlike antibody-dominant autoimmune conditions, these disorders involve autoreactive CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells that infiltrate tissues, amplify inflammatory cascades, and promote chronic organ damage through cytokine release and direct cytotoxicity. 

Original Research Open Access

VEGF-D Dependent IFNγ Production by Natural Killer Cells in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis

Andrew R. Osterburg , Morgan A Terry , Danielle S. Stiene , Racheal Foot , Rebecca L Nelson , Michael T. Borchers

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare cystic neoplasm that almost exclusively affects women. LAM arises from inherited or spontaneous mutations in TSC1 or TSC2 genes, which result in constitutive activation of mTOR and downstream signaling. These mutations arise in a uterine population of cells that migrate to the lungs where they establish nodules that progress to cysts and progressive lung function decline.

Original Research Open Access

A Single-Centre Pilot Study in Bulgaria Unravelling the Immunological and Genetic Landscape of Children with Recurrent Infections

Polina Kostova , Silvia Andonova , Tsvetelin Lukanov , Snezhina Kandilarova , Spaska Lesichkova , Nevena Gesheva , Sirma Mileva , Martin Shahid , Atanas Banchev , Vera Papochieva , Yana Pesheva , Juzlem Erdinchova , Dimitrinka Miteva , Bilyana Georgieva , Tihomir Todorov , Slavena Atemin , Mila Sleptsova , Zornitsa Pavlova , Albena Todorova , Guergana Petrova

Recurrent infections in children may indicate underlying inborn errors of immunity. Early detection by combined immunologic and genetic testing is essential for accurate diagnosis and targeted intervention. This prospective study included 60 pediatric patients aged ≤18 years with recurrent infections, evaluated between 2022 and 2024. The median age at enrollment was 6.2 years ([IQR] 3.6–11.3).