Journal of Cancer Immunology

Original Research Open Access

Role of Exogenous HSPB1 in Cytokine Regulation Through TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, and MyD88/MAPK p38/NF-κB Pathways in Differentiated THP-1 Cells

Rajah Khaouader Essalemi , Emmanuel Ogbodo , Nusrat Jahan Hoque , Chelsea R Wood , Hend Moosa

The modulation of the innate immune system has been a significant area of interest in research, as it represents the body’s first line of defense against pathogens. Heat shock proteins (HSPs), particularly small HSP, like HSPB1 (HSP27), are emerging as potent therapeutic options for preventing and managing inflammatory conditions due to their ability to modulate the immune system. 

J Cancer Immunol, 2025, Volume 7, Issue 2, p45-59 | DOI: 10.33696/cancerimmunol.7.104

Original Research Open Access

Role of Exogenous HSPA1A in Cytokine Regulation Through TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7, and MyD88/MAPK p38/NF-κB Pathways in Differentiated THP-1 Cells

Nusrat Jahan Hoque , Emmanuel Ogbodo , Rajah Khaouader Essalemi , Chelsea R Wood , Hend Moosa

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are ubiquitous proteins that play an important role in cellular stress responses, contributing to immune activation through interactions with toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other pattern recognition receptors. Despite extensive research, the exact mechanism by which HSPs modulate immune responses is still unclear. This study explores the immune-modulatory role of HSPA1A by examining its effect on cytokine production in PMA-differentiated THP-1 macrophages, preincubated with TLR-specific blocking peptides prior to exposure to recombinant HSPA1A.

J Cancer Immunol, 2025, Volume 7, Issue 2, p60-71 | DOI: 10.33696/cancerimmunol.7.105

Short Communication Open Access

Short Communication on HPV Infection, Pathogenesis of Cancer, Immune Cells Involved in Infection, Vaccination, and Suggested Treatments

Nika Nikmanesh , Ali Reza Safarpour , Ramin Niknam , Yousef Nikmanesh

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a common virus transmitted primarily through sexual contact. However, it can also be spread through other ways, such as pool water, contaminated personal items, and even from mother to infant during childbirth or breastfeeding. It infects the basal cells of the epidermis and replicates in differentiated cells. HPV infection is a global health concern linked to various cancers. This short communication explores HPV infections, genetic characteristics, immune interactions, and vaccines, aiming to provide a brief understanding of HPV and its associated diseases.

J Cancer Immunol, 2025, Volume 7, Issue 2, p72-80 | DOI: 10.33696/cancerimmunol.7.106

Review Article Open Access

Second-Line Systemic Therapies in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Current Insights and Future Directions

Isaac E. Kim, Jr , Vivian Wong , Karie Runcie , Eric A. Singer

Over the past few decades, the incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has rapidly increased with a considerable portion of patients presenting with metastatic disease (mRCC) and subsequent poor prognosis. Survival drops even further for those whose diseases progress on first-line therapy including immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In this review, we highlight the main second-line systemic therapies including TKIs, mTOR inhibitors, ICIs, and HIF-2α inhibitors along with their mechanisms of action and supporting clinical trials. 

J Cancer Immunol, 2025, Volume 7, Issue 2, p81-94 | DOI: 10.33696/cancerimmunol.7.107