Review Article Open Access

Pharmacologic Therapies for Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: Current and Future Treatments

Saum Ghodoussipour , Eric A. Singer , Ilana P. Goldberg , Benjamin Lichtbroun

Bladder cancer is the sixth most common malignancy in the United States and 70% of cases are non-muscle invasive at the time of diagnosis. Effective treatment is crucial to prevent progression, which occurs in about 30% of patients. The American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines recommend treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with intravesical Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and chemotherapy.

Review Article Open Access

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in the Management of Urothelial Carcinoma

Tina Mayer , Saum Ghodoussipour , Hiren V. Patel , Eric A. Singer , Daniel I. Bisn , Biren Saraiya , Aakash Patel

Bladder cancer is one of the most common and expensive cancers in the United States, with an expected 81,400 new cases and 17,980 deaths in 2020 alone. The incidence is increased among white men and diagnoses often occur in the 7th decade of life.

Commentary Open Access

Early Integration of Palliative Care for Patients Receiving Systemic Immunotherapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma

Megan Stout , Eric A. Singer , Biren Saraiya , Akshay Thaper , Vivien Xu

Palliative care (PC) aims to prioritize the quality of life and comfort of those with complex and terminal illnesses through the physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs of the individual. Palliative care can support individuals from the day of their cancer diagnosis through end-of-life and bereavement

Mini Review Open Access

Cytoreductive Nephrectomy Following Immunotherapy: Evolution, Pearls, and Pitfalls of Treatment

Adam Calaway , Eric A. Singer , Laura E. Davis , Shawn Dason

Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is among the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in both genders with over 81,000 estimated cases in 2024. Despite increasing incidence of renal cell carcinomas <4 cm, up to 1/3 of patients diagnosed with RCC exhibit metastatic disease (mRCC) at time of diagnosis. Cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN), a procedure which encompasses the surgical removal of the primary tumor in patients with metastatic disease

Review Article Open Access

Second-Line Systemic Therapies in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Current Insights and Future Directions

Eric A. Singer , Isaac E. Kim, Jr , Karie Runcie , Vivian Wong

Over the past few decades, the incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has rapidly increased with a considerable portion of patients presenting with metastatic disease (mRCC) and subsequent poor prognosis. Survival drops even further for those whose diseases progress on first-line therapy including immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In this review, we highlight the main second-line systemic therapies including TKIs, mTOR inhibitors, ICIs, and HIF-2α inhibitors along with their mechanisms of action and supporting clinical trials.