Loading
AUTHOR INFO
Karie Runcie
Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 161 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY, 10032, USAArticles List
Second-Line Systemic Therapies in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Current Insights and Future Directions
Eric A. Singer , Isaac E. Kim, Jr , Karie Runcie , Vivian Wong
Over the past few decades, the incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has rapidly increased with a considerable portion of patients presenting with metastatic disease (mRCC) and subsequent poor prognosis. Survival drops even further for those whose diseases progress on first-line therapy including immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In this review, we highlight the main second-line systemic therapies including TKIs, mTOR inhibitors, ICIs, and HIF-2α inhibitors along with their mechanisms of action and supporting clinical trials.
J Cancer Immunol, 2025, Volume 7, Issue 2, p81-94 | DOI: 10.33696/cancerimmunol.7.107
Co Authors
Eric A. Singer
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Urologic Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
View Profile
Isaac E. Kim, Jr
Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
View Profile
Vivian Wong
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Urologic Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
View Profile