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Review Article Open Access
Volume 5 | Issue 1 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.33696/haematology.5.059

Decoding Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Advances in Biology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutic Strategies

  • 1Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, College of Technology and Health Sciences, AL-Mustaqbal University, 51001, Hillah, Babylon, Iraq
  • 2Department of Biochemistry, Science Faculty, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
  • 3New burg El-Arab Hospital, Ministry of Health, Alexandria, Egypt
  • 4American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP), Chicago, USA
  • 5College of Graduate Studies, Zaytoonah International University, Aleppo, Azaz, Syria
+ Affiliations - Affiliations

Corresponding Author

Tamer A. Addissouky, tedesoky@gmail.com; tedesoky@science.menofia.edu.eg

Received Date: July 23, 2024

Accepted Date: September 20, 2024

Abstract

Background: Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is a malignancy of the lymphatic system characterized by Reed-Sternberg cells. While current treatments have improved outcomes, challenges remain in managing relapsed/refractory disease and mitigating long-term toxicities.

Purpose: This review aims to summarize recent advances in HL biology, diagnostics, and treatment strategies, with a focus on novel therapeutic approaches and emerging research areas.

Main body: Molecular studies have revealed key pathways in HL pathogenesis, including NF-κB and JAK-STAT signaling. Advanced imaging techniques like PET-CT have improved staging and response assessment. Novel therapies, including checkpoint inhibitors, bispecific antibodies, and CAR T-cells, have demonstrated efficacy in relapsed/refractory HL. Targeted agents like BTK and EZH2 inhibitors are being explored. Optimization of conventional therapies continues, with efforts to reduce toxicity while maintaining efficacy. Long-term survivorship issues, particularly cardiovascular complications and secondary malignancies, are receiving increased attention. Fertility preservation strategies have expanded options for young patients. Emerging research areas include epigenetic modifiers, with HDAC inhibitors and EZH2 inhibitors showing promise in early trials. Microbiome studies are exploring associations between gut bacterial composition and HL risk and prognosis. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems, including liposomal formulations and polymeric nanoparticles, are being investigated to enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce toxicity.

Conclusion: Ongoing research in HL is focused on developing more targeted, less toxic therapies and addressing long-term survivorship issues. Integration of novel agents with conventional treatments and personalized approaches based on molecular profiling hold promise for improving outcomes across the spectrum of HL management.

Keywords

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, Immunotherapy, Targeted Therapy, Biomarkers, Precision Oncology

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