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Journal of AIDS and HIV Treatment

ISSN: 2688-7436

Research Article Open Access
Volume 5 | Issue 1 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.33696/AIDS.5.043

Death and Transferred Out as Competing Event for Lost to Follow-up among HIV-positive Adults on ART, in Eastern Ethiopia Governmental Hospitals from January 2015 to December 2021; (Multicenter Competing Risk Regression Analysis)

Girum Shibeshi Argaw1,*, Kassahun Alemu Gelaye2, Ayenew Molla Lakew2, Yazachew Moges Chekol3, Fantu Mamo Aragaw2
  • 1Department of Nursing, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
  • 2Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia
  • 3Department of Health Information Technical, Mizan Aman College of Health Science, Southwest Ethiopia
+ Affiliations - Affiliations

Corresponding Author

Girum Shibeshi Argaw, girumela00@gmail.com

Received Date: April 27, 2023

Accepted Date: May 22, 2023

Citation:

Argaw GS, Gelaye KA, Lakew AM, Chekol YM, Aragaw FM. Death and Transferred Out as Competing Event for Lost to Follow-up among HIV-positive Adults on ART, in Eastern Ethiopia Governmental Hospitals from January 2015 to December 2021; (Multicenter Competing Risk Regression Analysis). J AIDS HIV Treat. 2023;5(1):22-33.


Copyright: © 2023 Argaw GS, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Abstract

Background: Lost to follow-up (LTFU) among patients on antiretroviral therapy accounts for the most of all attrition. In Sub-Saharan Africa,there is a concern regarding high rates of LTFU and early mortality in antiretroviral therapy programs. Mortality and transferred out are the potential competing events for LTFU. Ignoring these events may give an invalid estimate by overestimating the probability of the occurrence of LTFU.

Objective: This study aims to assess the incidence and predictors of LTFU among adult HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) patients who started antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Jigjiga Governmental Hospitals’ ART clinics between January 2015 and December 2021.

Methods: A multi-center Institution-based retrospective follow-up study has been conducted in Jigjiga Governmental Hospitals. Gray’s test was used to compare the cumulative incidence function (CIF) of LTFU across variable categories. A graphical examination of CIF for each category of variables, as well as the Schoenfeld residuals global test, validate the proportional sub-hazard assumption. We fitted both univariable and multivariable competing risk regression models. In the multivariable analysis, variables with p-values of 0.05 were considered statistically significant predictors of LTFU.

Result: A total of 842 clients were included in the study, and the LTFU incidence rate is 5.25 per 100 PYO. The participants’ median age ranged from 29 to 43 years. Those not disclosed their HIV status (aSHR=4.22; 95%CI (2.11-8.47)), those were a fair and poor level of recent adherence (aSHR=2.17; 95%CI (1.18-4.23)) and (aSHR=1.48; 95%CI (2.97-5.34)), patients with severe anemia (aSHR 4.58; 95% CI (1.28-16.39)) ambulatory functional status (aSHR 2.38; 95% CI (1.21-4.68)), patients who do not took cotrimoxazole prophylactic therapy (CPT) (aSHR 2.47; 95% CI (2.99-6.15)) were significant predictors of LTFU.

Conclusion: In this study, the incidence of LTFU was decreased with additional years on ART. Patients on ART who did not disclose their HIV status had poor levels of adherence, did not take CPT prophylaxis, on severe anemia and ambulatory functional status were at higher risk of LTFU. As a result, close monitoring and proper tracing mechanisms aimed at this higher-risk group would reduce AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)-related LTFU.

Keywords

Jigjiga-Ethiopia, HIV/AIDS, Antiretroviral therapy, Lost to follow-up, Cumulative incidence function, Competing risks regression

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