For decades, psychopharmacology has focused on chemical modulation rather than biological repair. Emerging evidence across cellular, molecular, and systems neuroscience suggests that the adult brain retains dormant capacities for renewal that can be pharmacologically reactivated. Regenerative pharmacology reframes treatment as a process of biological reactivation, reawakening latent plasticity to rebuild damaged circuits rather than merely stabilizing neurotransmission. This commentary outlines the conceptual foundations, mechanistic architecture, and translational roadmap of this paradigm, spanning immature neuronal activation, glial reprogramming, cortical reopening of critical periods, and epigenetic or metabolic rejuvenation that resets cellular potential. Together, these processes define a multiscale model of brain repair that extends from chromatin to cognition. Integrating these advances within ethical, experience-guided clinical frameworks could transform therapy from neurotransmitter stabilization to genuine neural regeneration, marking a shift from pharmacology that controls the brain to pharmacology that teaches it to heal.

Regenerative Pharmacology, Neuroplasticity reawakening, Neuropsychiatric disorders, Astrocytic reprogramming, Immature neurons, Epigenetic and metabolic rejuvenation, Critical period modulation, Experience-dependent brain repair