This manuscript reviews treatment of Sickle Cell disease over time. The application of allogeneic stem cells proved the sickle cell disease could be permanently corrected and cured but limited to those with a compatible donor. The use of autologous cells for therapy is the dawn of a new era where the need for a third party is remove and eliminates that ethical issue. With sickle cell disease screening for the most high-risk patients is now available. The use of autologous genetically modified cells is equally as effective as those treated with allogeneic cells and makes it possible for the first time to treat all symptomatic children and adults suffering from sickle cell disease. This is the beginning of a new era for the treatment of hemoglobinopathies.

Gene therapy, Autologous cells, Sickle Cell disease, Stem cell therapy, Transcranial Doppler ultrasound, Viral vectors.