MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that modulate protein-coding mRNAs. Numerous miRNAs are expressed in human and 50% of human miRNAs are associated with carcinogenesis. Specific miRNAs are expressed in different cancer tissues and modulation of their expression is associated to different tumor stages and clinical outcomes. MiRNAs control the transcription of different genes involved in the neoplastic transformation and tumor progression by regulating oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. Among genes regulated by miRNAs, an emerging role of miRNA signature for the transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels in cancer prognosis and therapy has been reported. By gaining the functional role of miRNA signature in different cancers, a specific miRNA-target genes for Wnt/ß-catenin, TRP channel and inflammatory signaling pathways has been found to contribute to tumorigenesis. Moreover, the identification of miRNA signature may have prognostic value and correlate with overall survival in different cancer patients. Modulation of miRNA levels can induce or overcome chemotherapy resistance and genetic and epigenetic mechanisms and alteration of RNA genesis result in altered therapy response. Overall, further studies are required to completely understand the potential application in prognosis and therapy of miRNA-targeting TRP mRNA.

microRNA, TRP, Biomarkers, Cancer