Archives of Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Review Article Open Access

Recurrent MPNST in Mosaic Localized Neurofibromatosis: A Rare Scenario – Review

Betty Abraham , YM Fazil Marickar

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare spindle cell neoplasm accounting for approximately 3-5% of soft tissue sarcomas. It often arises from a peripheral nerve, from a pre-existing benign nerve sheath tumor, or in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1). In the absence of these settings, particularly in sporadic or radiation associated tumors, the diagnosis can be more challenging and is based on the histological and immunohistochemical features suggesting Schwannian differentiation.

Review Article Open Access

Pharmacologic Therapies for Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: Current and Future Treatments

Ilana P. Goldberg MD , Benjamin Lichtbroun , Eric A. Singer , Saum Ghodoussipour

Bladder cancer is the sixth most common malignancy in the United States and 70% of cases are non-muscle invasive at the time of diagnosis. Effective treatment is crucial to prevent progression, which occurs in about 30% of patients. The American Urological Association (AUA) guidelines recommend treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with intravesical Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and chemotherapy.

Research Article Open Access

Relative COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Effectiveness and ClinicalEpidemiological Characteristics Before and After 29 Days of Shot

Jose Luis Turabian

Background: When the highest vaccine COVID-19 booster effectiveness (VBE) is obtained is not clearly known. Objective: To compare the cases of COVID-19 in booster vaccinated people with a time of <29 days vs. ≥ 29 days from booster to infection diagnosis and assess their relative VBE. Methodology: An observational, longitudinal and prospective case series study of adult patients with COVID-19 breakthrough infections in booster vaccinated people, in general medicine and for the period December 2021 to February 2022, during the omicron variant contagion wave.

Research Article Open Access

Co-intervention of an Immune Modulator - SIVA Herbal Drops versus Treatment Outcome

Gayathri Rajagopal , Amruthavalli GV

S.I.V.A herbal drops are a poly herbal preparation in drops formulation. It is indicated in the immune modulating benefit. The in vitro studies have established its activity of boosting phagocyted based immunity. In the present study the immune boosting efficacy of S.I.V.A herbal
drops in infectious disease conditions was evaluated in the human subjects in Apollo Wellness Plus Centre and Apollo Children’s Hospital between 2009-2010.

Research Article Open Access

Use of second Anti-Tumour Necrosis Factor Agent in Inflammatory Bowel Disease When First Agent Failed: A South African Retrospective Study

Ernst Fredericks , Abigail Titis , Suereta Fortuin , Shiraaz Gabriel , Mashiko Setshedi

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic relapsing and remitting inflammation of the bowel. Tumour necrosis factor α - antagonists are safe and effective in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Indications and outcomes with consecutive anti-tumour necrosis factor agents, although often used, are not clear. Since data for this treatment choice is scarce, we set out to evaluate the use of consecutive anti-tumour necrosis factor agents in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.