Archives of Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Commentary Open Access

Effective Cognitive Responses to Treatment Failure

H. Paul Putman III

Half of current treatment plans in psychiatry disappoint, and 3/4 of our medical errors are cognitive in nature. We can positively influence clinical outcomes by reconceptualizing our suboptimal results as single treatment failures (TF) and temporary impasses, rather than misapplying the term “treatment resistance.” Reflective consideration of TF as feedback on our diagnostic and therapeutic hypotheses triggers alterations in our conceptual structure apparatus that can lead to new, creative insights and result in more effective clinical solutions.

Review Article Open Access

Preclinical Protective Activity of Lutein on Diclofenac-induced Hepatotoxicity 

Elias Adikwu , Bonsome Bokolo , Tobechi Brendan Nnanna , Favour Yaakor

 Diclofenac (DF), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, may cause hepatotoxicity. Lutein (LT), a naturally occurring compound, has potential therapeutic activities. The protective activity of LT against DF-induced hepatotoxicity in adult Wistar rats was evaluated in this study. 

Original Research Open Access

Dual-Rheological Model and Finite Element Simulation of Hemodynamics Through a Multiple Stenotic Artery with Nanodrug-Eluting Stent

B. Vasu , Ankita Dubey , Rama Subba Reddy Gorla , Mustaque H. Borbora , Shabih-ul-Hasan

A two-dimensional rheological study of hemodynamics through a diseased artery with multiple stenosis and drug-eluting stent is simulated computationally. The homogeneous suspension of metallic gold nanoparticles in the blood is considered motivated by pharmacology applications. The Casson (viscoplastic) and Sisko (viscoelastic) fluid models are employed, to mimic non-Newtonian characteristics of the blood flow in the core and in the peripheral arterial region respectively.

Review Article Open Access

Integrating Mathematical Models in Clinical Oncology: Enhancing Therapeutic Strategies

Gobinda Debnath , B. Vasu , Rama Subba Reddy Gorla , O. Anwar Bég , Tasveer A. Bég

Cancer remains a formidable challenge in the field of medical research, necessitating novel approaches to better comprehend its complex dynamics and develop effective treatment strategies. This article presents a comprehensive review of the latest mathematical models employed in the study of tumor growth dynamics and its treatment. The heterogeneous nature of cancer poses unique complexities, requiring interdisciplinary efforts involving mathematics and other relevant domains.

Editorial Open Access

Post-COVID-19 War Era, Remarkable Highlights 2025 Concerning Both Preventive and Curative Medicines

Bahram Alamdary Badlou

Series of updates and upgrades can help scientific communities stay current with new research and developments in modern diseases’ prevention/treatment planning, especially during these post-COVID-19 war periods with more than 65 million long COVID patients (2025). For over two millennia, medical consultative services and (co)related preventive & curative medicine have supported human survival against various pathological causes, with certain (un)known factors capable of inducing effects in a bidirectional manner, which I have called the “death triangle machinery”, since 2018 (Cancer- Platelets- Microorganisms, so-called CPM).