Abstract
Background: Frailty is increasingly recognized in older people living with HIV (PLWH), but optimal diagnostics are yet to be determined. Frailty indices (FI) represent an accumulation of health deficits shown to correlate better with mortality and adverse effects of aging than the frailty phenotype or chronological age.
Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of frailty assessments in PLWH aged ≥ 50 years in a multidisciplinary urban HIV clinic. Frailty was assessed using Frailty Phenotype (FP) and a new 40-variable clinical composite FI derived from routine clinical and laboratory data (CCFI). CCFI scores were categorized into robust (≤ 0.15), pre-frail (>0.15-0.4), and frail (>0.4). CCFI frailty and its association with frailty-related factors were analyzed using logistic regression.
Results: The 165 participants were mostly black (94%) and male (56%), with median age 59 years (IQR 55-63), CD4 count 606 cells/μl (IQR 393-873), and 78% had HIV viral load ≤ 40 copies/ml. 70% had multimorbidity, 38% falls, 25% poor cognition, and 24% polypharmacy. By FP, 2% were frail, 65% prefrail, and 33% robust. By CCFI, 26% were frail, 67% prefrail, and 7% robust (range 0.08-0.57; mean 0.34 ±0.11). For FP categorized as robust, prefrail and frail, the mean CCFI was 0.31 ± 0.1, 0.35 ± 0.11 and 0.38 ± 0.08 respectively (P=0.06). Cognition (OR 3.64, p=0.003), falls (OR 5.09, p<0.001), polypharmacy of 6-9 medications (OR 3.07, p=0.03) and ≥ 10 medications (OR 4.25, p=0.009) and >3 comorbidities (OR 3.06, p=0.03) were associated with CCFI frailty, adjusted for age and sex.
Conclusion: The majority of older PLWH were pre-frail or frail. The CCFI identified more patients as frail and had significant clinical associations compared to FP.
Keywords
Frailty, HIV and Aging, Frailty and HIV, Frailty index, Frailty assessments, AIDS